PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES 679 



In 1901 the Pacific Steam T^Tialing Co. established two small 

 hatcheries — one on Nagel Stream, which enters the northern side of 

 Quadra Lake, on the mainland of southeast Alaska, and one on a 

 stream entering Freshwater Lake Bay, Chatham Strait. Both were 

 closed down in 1904 when the company failed. In 1908 the North- 

 western Fisheries Co., which had acquired the Quadra plant, removed 

 it to a small stream entering the head of the lake and has operated it 

 ever since. 



In 1901 the Alaska Packers Association erected a hatchery on 

 Heckman Lake, the third of a series of lakes on Naha Stream, Revilla- 

 gigedo Island, and about 8 miles from Loring, where the association 

 has a cannery. This, known as Fortmann hatchery, was the largest 

 and costliest salmon hatchery in the world, having a capacity of 

 110,000,000 eggs. Its operation was discontinued in 1927. 



The Union Pacldng Co., at Kell Bay, on Kuiu Island, and F. C. 

 Barnes, at Lake Bay, on Prince of Wales Island, in 1902 built and 

 operated small hatcheries, both of which were abandoned after one 

 season's work. 



Up to 1905 the work of hatching salmon in Alaska was confined to 

 the salmon cannery men. In that year, however, the United States 

 Bureau of Fisheries erected a hatchery on Yes Lake, which empties 

 through a short stream into Yes Bay, on Cleveland Peninsula. In 

 1907 the bureau constructed another hatchery, on Afognak Lake, 

 near Litnik Bay, Afognak Island. 



The eruption of Katmai volcano, on the Alaska Peninsula, June 6, 

 1912, covered the island of Afognak with volcanic ash and sand to 

 an average depth of 9 inches. It is estimated that 20,000 salmon 

 perished at the head of Litnik Lake, while thousands were driven 

 back into the ocean. As a result of these conditions the work at the 

 Afognak station was much hampered and curtailed. Even as late 

 as 1915 work at this station was still being hampered by the volcanic 

 ash and sand which fell in 1912. 



In 1913 collecting stations were established at Eagle Harbor and 

 Uganik Lake, on Kodiak Island. In 1915 another was established 

 at Seal Bay, on Afognak Island. These were subsidiary to the 

 Afognak hatchery. 



In 1913 a collecting station was established on Ketchikan Creek, 

 but, owing to the objections of the citizens of the town against the 

 taldng away of the eggs, the station was abandoned in 1915. 



The tables following show the eggs and fry distributed by the 

 Government and privately owned hatcheries in Alaska. 



112992°— 10 18 



