78 U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES 



the Bureau of Fisheries is making greater use of fishery products at 

 some of its hatcheries, especially on the Pacific coast. Here a small 

 reduction plant has been installed at one of its hatcheries to manu- 

 facture meal from spent salmon. Also at some of the other Bureau 

 hatcheries and at some State hatcheries, carp and other varieties of 

 fish are utilized. 



HORSE MACKEREL FISHERY OF MAINE 



Increasing interest recently has been manifested in the horse 

 mackerel fishery of Maine. It contributes a considerable share to 

 the commercial fisheries of that State, and also the fish is much sought 

 after by sportsmen. Also the fish is somewhat important to commerce 

 because its liver is high in vitamins A and D. In view of this interest 

 a report was prepared on the fishery by Walter H. Rich, the Bureau's 

 agent at Portland, Maine. This has been published as Memorandum 

 S-339, and has been widely distributed by civic and sportsmen's 

 organizations in Maine. 



THE OYSTER AND OYSTER INDUSTRY 



At the request of the Oyster Growers and Dealers Association of 

 North America, Inc., an association representing the industry in the 

 country, a paper was prepared by the writer on the biology of the 

 oyster, methods of capture and handling, its food value, and recipes 

 for preparing it for the table. This has been jiublished by the Bureau 

 as Fishery Circular No. 21. It is being used by the industry in its 

 educational campaign to increase the consumption of oysters. 



COOPERATIVE MARKETING 



The Seventy-third Congress approved, June 25, 1934, an act known 

 as Public, No. 464, entitled "An act authorizing associations of pro- 

 ducers of aquatic products." This act imposes various duties upon 

 the Secretary of Commerce, which are in turn administered by the 

 Bureau of Fisheries. In October 1935 the Bureau of Fisheries estab- 

 lished a cooperative marketing unit in the Division of Fishery Indus- 

 tries, in charge of L. C. Salter, fishery economist, to have immediate 

 supervision of administering this act. Since being established, a 

 study has been conducted of the extent to which fishermen are organ- 

 ized and are acting through cooperative associations, as no com- 

 piled information was available regarding such activity in this coun- 

 try. Also, a study was made to learn to what extent States have 

 enacted legislation pertaining to fishermen's associations, and whether 

 the various States have encouraged the organization and operation of 

 fishermen's cooperative organizations. 



As a result of this work it was found that there are approximately 

 100 fishermen's organizations in the United States. Information has 

 revealed that a large majority of fishermen's associations act in the 

 capacity, or are similar to, labor unions and conduct protective func- 

 tions such as matters pertaining to legislation, general labor con- 

 ditions, and carry on negotiations with canners, processors, and other 

 manufacturers with regard to fishermen's compensation, or in de- 

 termining the prices of fishery products. For . the most part, the 

 associations are unincorporated and rather loosely organized, insofar 



