162 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
two series, one based upon the voyage of Verrazano as shown by Mag- 
giolo and by Hieronymus de Verrazano, and the other upon Ribero’s 
map showing the voyage of Gomez. To the latter type Cartier’s voyages 
in the Gulf of St. Lawrence were later added, apparently from his own 
maps, while to the former type Cartier’s voyages appear to have been 
added from his narratives without knowledge of his maps, whence the 
very remarkable distortions they show (see for example the Agnese map 
in the “ Cartography of New Brunswick,” page 345, and the accompany- 
ing map No. 5). Now, the name Acadia (as well as that rio fondo, 
which later gave origin to the name Bay of Fundy), occurs only upon 
the Italian series. Upon all of these Italian maps, Larcadia or Arcadia 
is at first by no means a prominent name, but is printed in the smaller 
type characteristic of the names of particular places, not of a whole 
country ; but upon the maps of later date it is engraved in larger type, 
and appears to apply to a section of the coast. A good type of these 
maps is the accompanying map (map No. 5) of Zaltieri, 1566 (from 
Kretschmer’s atlas, No. XIX.), which shows Larcadia as a peninsula 
between R. fondo (Bay of Fundy) and R. S. Lorenzo (the St. Lawrence 
greatly out of place, because of attempts to fit Cartier’s narratives to 
very inaccurate maps). Numerous maps of this type are known, and 
on all of them the name Larcadia is applied to a limited extent of the 
coast of Canada or New France. We must believe, therefore, that the 
framers of the Charter of DeMonts of 1603 must have had in mind a 
region of the coast when they used the word Acadia, and they gave to 
that name an extension sufficient to include the region between the par- 

proper place, it would not be difficult to imagine the m misprinted into re and 
the r into i, which would give Larcadia. 
Another point of great interest in the cartography of this region may here 
be mentioned. A later map by Gastaldi which gives most of these names 
(but without Larcadia), is that in Ramusio of 1556 (reproduced in these Trans- 
actions, new series, III., sect. ii., 333), a map which has powerfully influenced 
some of later date. If now one takes the topography of the southern coast, 
and compares it with that part of La Cosa of 1500 (reproduced in these 
Transactions, new series, III., sect. ii., after Dawson’s ‘“ Voyages of the 
Cabots’’), which lies directly north of the West Indies, he will find they are 
so alike as to leave no doubt either that Gastaldi has taken this topography 
from La Cosa, or that both have taken it from the same source, a fact which 
has hitherto been entirely overlooked in the study of the cartography of this 
region. Thus those remarkable inland rivers of Gastaldi, which Kohl, Winsor 
and others have attempted to interpret as the St. Lawrence, etc., are the 
curious canals on La Cosa. What these rivers or canals mean on La Cosa, 
why Gastaldi thus adopted a part of the topography from that map or from 
the same source, what effect was produced by his mistake, and some related 
matters, I hope to refer to on another occasion. Certainly the early carto- 
graphy of our east coast has still some good problems awaiting solution. 
