[GANONG] — BOUNDARIES OF NEW BRUNSWICK 165 
title of the Council for New England, in which the boundaries of the 
grant are thus described :— 
= - We... . have . . . . graunted, ordained, and established, 
LS in and by these Presents, Do, for Us, our Heirs, and Successors, grant, 
ordaine and establish, that all that Circuit, Continent, Precincts, and Limitts, 
in America, lying and being in Breadth from Fourty Degrees of Northerly 
Latitude, from the Equnoctiall Line, to Fourty-eight Degrees of the said 
Northerly Latitude, and in Length by all the Breadth aforesaid, throughout 
the Maine Land, from Sea to Sea . . . . shall be the Limitts, and Bounds 
and Precincts of the said second Collony. 
(Memorial Volume of the Popham Celebration, Portland, Me., 1863, Appendix D.) 
This grant therefore extended from latitude 40° to 48°. The exten- 
sion from 45° of the 1606 Patent to 48° was no doubt made in order to 
establish an English claim to Acadia. Tt may be noticed, by the way, 
also, that the grant extended from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and thus 
also laid claim to Canada, which the French were trying to settle. It 
is of some interest to note that this parallel of 48° thus established 
forms a part of our northern boundary to-day, though of course there is 
no causal connection between the two, but only coincidence. 
This northern houndary did not, however, long stand, for the very 
next year, 1621, an epochal year in Acadian history, the King ntade 
his well-known grant of Nova Scotia to Sir William Alexander, whose 
extensive plans for settlement promised to secure the country for Eng- 
land far more effectually than could any verbal claim such as that in 
the Charter to the Council for New England. The boundaries of Nova 
Scotia read thus in the original charter, and the same in the later 
affirmations :— 
ad fluvium vulgù nomine Sanctae Crucis appellatum, & ad scaturi- 
ginem remotissimam sive fontem ex occidentali parte ejusdem, qui se primam 
praedicto fluvio immiscet ; unde per imaginariam directam lineam quae per- 
gere per terram seu currere versus septentrionem concipietur ad proximam 
navium stationem, fluvium vel scaturiginem in magno fluvio de Canada sese 
exonerantem; & ab eo pergendo versus orientem per maris oras littorales 
ejusdem fluvii de Canada. 
(Memorials of the English and French Commissaries, 554.) 
TRANSLATION. 
the river generally known by the name of St. Croix, and to the 
remotest springs, or source, from the western side of the same, which empty 
into the first mentioned river; thence by an imaginary straight line which 
is conceived to extend through the land, or run northward to the nearest bay, 
river, or stream emptying into the great river of Canada; and going from 
that eastward along the low shores of the same river of Canada. 
(Slafter’s ‘‘ Sir William Alexander,’ 129.) 1 


1 This charter and its translation are given in full by Bourinot in his 
‘“ Builders of Nova Scotia.” 
