[GANONG ] BOUNDARIES OF NEW BRUNSWICK 183 
Cape Fourchu ; and from thence to the Cape and River St. Mary, continuing 
along the sea coast to Port Royal; and from thence continuing along the 
coast to the extremity of the bay; and from thence continuing along the 
said bay to the fort of St. John; and from thence continuing all along the 
coast to Pentagoet and the River St. George in Mescourus, on the borders of 
New England on the west coast and into the lands throughout the said 
coasts to one hundred leagues of depth. . . . . 
Although this document is not entirely free from the obscurities 
common to such documents at that time, its meaning nevertheless seems 
plain. It grants all that part of the peninsula previously granted in 
1630 to the LaTours (this part being identical in boundaries, though 
they are described in reverse order, as comparison with the grant of 1630, 
given above, will show), together with both coasts of the Bay of Fundy 
and all the mainland clear to the St. George’s river near Kennebec. The 
depth of 100 leagues inland, that is, over 250 miles, makes this grant 
include practically all of the present New Brunswick and Gaspé to the 
St. Lawrence, and all south of the St. Lawrence to the St. George’s river. 
Tt was hence equivalent to Alexander’s Nova Scotia together with his 
county of Canada and somewhat more, and the grant ignores any rights 
of Alexander, which, of course, were assumed to have lapsed. The 
limits of this grant are shown correctly upon the English boundary map 
of 1755, but on the French map of the same year they are restricted to 
much narrower limits (see later maps Nos. 12 and 13). The most im- 
portant point, however, in this document, from our present point of view, 
is the fact that it makes the same distinction between Acadia as a part 
of the peninsula as had the earlier grant of 1631, and this grant of course 
obviously adopts it from the latter. The fact was used with good effect 
by the French boundaiy commissioners later when they wished to 
prove that ancient Acadia included only a part of the peninsula. 
But while the English were thus calmly assuming a right to Nova 
Scotia, and a Nova Scotia extending northward to the St. Lawrence, it 
is important to notice that the French, even when holding all Acadia 
without dispute, seem not to have viewed it as extending to the St. Law- 
rence, but as only to the watershed between the St. Lawrence and the 
Atlantic. This is reflected in the maps of the time, as we shall see, but 
it is also more specifically stated in the commissions to their Governors 
of Canada. Thus the prolongation of Montmagny’s commission as Gov- 
ernor in 1645 (“ Memorials of the English and French Commissaries,” 
%15) makes him Governor and Lieutenant-General at Quebee and “on 
the St. Lawrence and other rivers which discharge into it” (sur le fleuve 

1 The original English form of this grant appears not to be known. It 
appeared first in French in the “ Mémoires des Commissaires.” 
