184 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
de Saint-Laurent, & autres rivières qui se décharge en icelui), and the 
same limits are repeated in the commission to de Lauson in 1651 (do. 
717), with the addition that ten leagues depth on both the south and 
north coasts are mentioned (dans toute l’étenduë dudit fleuve Saint- 
Laurent en la Nouvelle France, isles & terres adjacentes de part & d’autre 
dudit fleuve, & autres rivières qui se déchargent en icelui jusqu’à son 
embouchüre , à prendre dix lieües près de Miscou du côté du sud & du 
côté du nord, autant que s'étendent les terres dudit pays). This was 
repeated in almost identical words in the commission of d’Argenson in 
657 (do. 733), in that of de Mazi, 1663 (do. 737), and doubtless in 
many others. It is plain then that the French considered Acadia as 
limited to the region south of a line drawn ten leagues south of and par- 
allel with the St. Lawrence. 
Attempts were made by Temple (who bought out the rights of La- 
Tour and Crowne) to utilize his immense grant of 1656 (the whole of 
Acadia), but with these we have at present no concern. Eight years 
later, however, another grant was made which does have a connection 
with our present subject, for in that year (1663-1664) King Charles II. 
granted to his brother, the Duke of York, a territory thus described :— 
all that part of the main land of New England, beginning at a certain place, 
called or known by the name of St. Croix, adjoining to New Scotland in 
America ; and from thence extending along the sea coast, unto a certain 
place called Pemaquin or Pemaquid, and so up the river thereof to the fur- 
thest head of the same as it tendeth northwards, and extending from thence 
to the river of Kennebec, and so up, by the shortest course, to the river of 
Canada, northwards. . . . . 
(Gallatin, ‘“ Right of the United States,” 2.) 
If now one will compare the wording of this grant with that of 
Alexander’s Patent to the County of Canada in 1635 (see earlier, page 
180), he will find them nearly identical, so that obviously it was Alex- 
ander’s old County of Canada which was now granted to the Duke of 
York, and which later became known as the Territory of Sagadahock 
(see map No. 4). But this grant not only gave territory which by all 
right belonged to France (to which all the region at least to the Pen- 
obscot had been ceded by the Treaty of St. Germain), but it ignored 
entirely and unjustly the grant made to LaTour, Crowne and Temple 
eight years before, another remarkable example of the disregard of the 
rights of their subjects shown by the English rulers of that time. Per- 
haps the King justified his action with the thought that the grant of 
1654 had been made by the Protector Cromwell, whose acts he was not 
bound to respect, but such would not excuse even if it explained his 
action. But before any disputes as to this territory could arise, war 
