[GANONG] BOUNDARIES OF NEW BRUNSWICK à 187 
session in 1670. Nicolas Denys was, however, still Governor of the 
Gulf of St. Lawrence coast from Cape Breton to Gaspé. In 1672, 
however, began the series of seigniorial grants in the present Province 
of New Brunswick, of which from that year to 1700 about 32 were 
granted (with three or four on the coast of Maine), the descriptions, 
discussions and maps of which are given fully in the preceding mono- 
graph of this series. Most of these seigniories (including those in 
Maine) were expressly stated to be in Acadia. The seigniories were 
usually granted with a definite length along the water front on each side 
of a specified place, and extending back a measured distance. Hence 
they are easily located and bounded upon modern maps, and they are 
shown upon map No. 39 in the preceding Monograph. Not one of them 
survived the Acadian period, however, nor did their boundaries affect 
any later boundaries whatever, and they faded away utterly without 
leaving a trace in the New Brunswick of to-day. 
We must here mention another local boundary, though of little im- 
portance. Towards the close of this century it became customary to 
speak of the Bay Chaleur region, and even the coast as far as Cape 
Breton, as Gaspesie. Thus, LeClereq’s “ Nouvelle Relation de la Gas- 
pesie” relates to this region, and Delisle’s map of 1703 (map No. 8) 
gives it approximate boundaries. These, however, seem never to have 
been legally ‘established nor otherwise recognized, and like so many 
others, they faded away into oblivion without any later influence. 
The affairs of Acadia for the next few vears have not much concern 
with our present subject. We must note, however, that a treaty of neu- 
trality made at London in 1686 between England and France contains 
this reference (Article IV.) to America :— 
Il a été convenu que chacun desdits Rois aura & tiendra les domaines, 
droits & prééminences dans les mers, détroits & autres eaux de l’Amérique, 
& avec la même étendue que leur appartient de droit & en la même manière 
qu’ils en jouissent à présent. 
(Memoires des Commissaires, 12mo. ed., 79.) 
TRANSLATION. 
It has been agreed that each one of the said Kings shall have and hold 
the domains, rights and sovereignty in the seas, straits and other waters of 
America, and with the same extent that appertains to them of right and in 
the same manner as they at present enjoy them. 
This article confirmed the right of each nation to the places actually 
occupied by them, and hence it would seem to confirm the right of the 
French to the country at least as far as the Penobscot. Later, in the 
boundary disputes, the English held that this treaty obliterated all earlier 
rights held by discovery and settlement, and substituted a right based 
