192 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
until the Treaty of Paris in 1763 settled the questions effectually by the 
withdrawal of the French altogether from all New France. 
The treaty seems to show that Nova Scotia and Acadia were con- 
sidered one and the same territory by the contracting parties, and that it 
was all ceded to England ; indeed, the language seems specially chosen 
to emphasize the completeness of the cession. The French had always 
vigorously contended for an Acadia extending to the Kennebec, or at 
least to west of the Penobscot as long as the country was in their posses- 
sion. When it passed from them by the Treaty of Utrecht they began to 
claim that the Acadia of the Treaty was limited to a part of the penin- 
sula of Nova Scotia. 
For the remainder of this period, our subject falls naturally into 
two parts :—first, the history of the dispute as to the limits of the Acadia 
ceded by the Treaty of Utrecht (of which we shall make a separate chap- 
ter), and second, the development of the boundaries during this period. 
We shall consider first the boundary evolution between 1713 and 
1763, and happily the story is simple and direct. The cession of Acadia 
to the English revived Nova Scotia and Sagadahock ; this was the view 
of Massachusetts, which indeed had never relinquished its claim to the 
latter territory, which had been annexed to Massachusetts in 1691. In 
Nova Scotia, however, a somewhat different view was taken, for it was 
held that Nova Scotia included all of ancient Acadia, and hence to the 
St. George’s River. Thus Phillips, Governor of Nova Scotia, wrote to 
England in 1719 that he imagined that the bounds of Nova Scotia ex- 
tended to the Kennebec, and that Sagadahock was under the Government 
of Nova Scotia (Murdoch, I., 359), and he mentions that the bounds 
between New England and Nova Scotia had not been declared. The 
Lords of Trade and Plantations informed him the next year that they 
thought the lands between Kennebec and St. Croix not in his govern- 
ment (do., 369). In the next year Phillips again emphasized his 
view (do., 386), and it is set forth also in a description of Nova Scotia 
by Mascarene at about the same time (do., 394). The commission of 
Governor Phillips in 1719, and all others up to 1763 do not assign any 
definite limits to Nova Scotia, but refer to it simply as “ Nova Scotia or 
Aceadie.” Again in 1732, the Nova Scotia authorities considered Nova 
Scotia as extending to the St. George’s River by inheritance from Acadia 
(N.S. Archives, II., 84), and surveys were made west of the St. Croix 
(do. 175). As late as 1762, Nova Scotia still claimed these lands, and 
Massachusetts made propositions to Nova Scotia for an adjustment of 
the boundary, which however Nova Scotia thought should be settled by 
the Crown (Murdoch, I., 412). In the same year the Governors of Nova 
Scotia and Massachusetts agreed not to make any more grants of land in 
