[GANONG ] BOUNDARIES OF NEW BRUNSWICK 207 
of Acadia. The true and ancient Acadia can only be that part 
of America to which the name has been given exclusively of every 
other. If there is a place in America which has been known under 
the name Acadia and has never had any other, it is necessarily dis- 
tinct and different from those which have held other designations. 
They will now adduce proofs, one to establish positively the identity 
of Acadia, and the other to show that what the English claim as Aca- 
dia is distinct and different. 
The region between the end of the Bay of Fundy and Canso has 
always been 'called Acadia and no other name and it is impossible to 
cite any other name applied to it, while the remainder of the region 
claimed as Acadia by the English has had its own names, as New 
France, as Canada in general, Land of Norumbege or of the Etchemins, 
Bay Frangoise, Grande Baye of St. Lawrence, & Gaspesie. Canada 
and New France are nearly synonymous terms, but Acadia and New 
France are distinct places, as shown by several documents here cited. 
Chapter 15 considers the limits of Acadia as set forth in Denys 
work of 1672, which they find in agreement with their contention 
that Acadia was but a part of the peninsula. 
Chapter 16 examines the works of Champlain, which they also 
find in accord with their contention. 
Chapter 17 deals with the limits of Acadia as assigned by Les- 
 carbot, which they also find consistent with their contention. 
Chapter 18 treats of the limits of Acadia assigned by early French 
documents. As to the two commissions of DeMonts of 1603, they 
concede Acadia and the neighbouring lands, and hence Acadia was 
but a part of the concession, which, being limited to 46° (on the 
north) could not include all of the peninsula, nor the isthmus, nor the 
Gulf Coast, nor the banks of the River St. Lawrence. They consider 
next the mainland, which in various documents cited is called land of 
Norumbegue or of the Etchemins or New France, while various seign- 
iories granted on the mainland and the isthmus from 1676 to 1689 
required homage to be rendered at Quebec, thus implying that those 
places were in Canada. As to the Gulf coast from Cape Breton to 
Gaspé, this is often spoken of in documents as in'New France or Can- 
ada, but never in Acadia.t Then as to the south bank ‘of the St. Law- 

1 But the Jesuit Relation of 1659-60 reads thus :—‘‘Acadia is that part of 
New France which borders the sea, extending from New England to Gaspé, 
where the entrance to the great river of St. Lawrence properly begins. All 
that country, which is fully three hundred leagues in extent, bears but one 
name, having but one language.” (Relations, XLV., 59.) With what empha- 
sis would the English commissioners have cited this passage in rebuttal of : 
the French claim, had they known of it, which evidently they did not. 
