[Ganone ] BOUNDARIES OF NEW BRUNSWICK 209 
maps are discussed and their errors and the insufficient nature of their 
evidence emphasized, while their testimony is found in any case to 
support.the English rather than the French contention. The works 
of Denys, and Champlain, and other early documents, are examined 
at great length, and are found so far from favouring the French 
claims to favour those of the English. As to New France being the 
name of the mainland and Acadia of the peninsula, they show that 
the former was a general name for all the French possessions, hence 
including Acadia. 
Finally on pages 293, 295, and 297 they summarize clearly their 
arguments up to this point. They then return to the Treaty of Utrecht, 
and show that the Acadia intended to be ceded by it was the same 
Acadia held by the French by the Treaties of Saint Germain and 
Breda. The preliminaries to the treaty in which the French them- 
selves speak of the Acadia ‘in question as extending to the Kennebec 
or to the St. Georges they consider unanswerable evidence for this. 
They then take up and answer the other points of the French conten- 
tion. Finally (on page 525) comes a clear summary of the whole Brit- 
ish position. 
To this document no answer was made by the French commis- 
sioners until June 1st, 1756, after negotiations had .been broken off. 
This answer was published in 175% in Vol. IV. of the French 
“Mémoires.” In this volume the English Memoir of 1751 is printed 
in full in English and French and after each section the French com- 
missioners make their reply, but these answers appear to contain no- 
thing essentially new. Here the discusion closed. 
We should now summarize the entire discussion, both as to the 
points at issue and the methods employed. 
As to the merits of the question at issue, there can be no question 
whatever that the English commissioners were right in claiming that 
the Acadia of the Treaty of Utrecht was the Acadia of the time im- 
mediately preceding, and of the Treaty of Breda, and that it included 
the mainland to the Penobscot; the evidence of the preliminaries to 
the treaty is conclusive upon this point. Their argument as to its 
extension to the St. Lawrence, however, was less strong, for the French 
had always considered the St. Lawrence slope as part of Canada 
even when it belonged entirely to them, and the English had 
never either occupied or claimed it. The French, forced to cede 
this country to England and keenly awake to the disaster its loss 


1 They are not always correct in their citations of these maps; thus the 
Purchas (meaning the Alexander) map (page 269) does not contain the name 
Acadia as they imply, nor does Champlain’s (page 273) extend the name to 
the Penobscot. 
