228 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
THE Errorts To LOCATE THE RIVER St. Crorx. 1763-1788. 
The first known reference to an actual topographical location for 
the St. Croix is found in the Instructions of Governor Bernard of 
Massachusetts to John Mitchel, a surveyor who was sent by him to 
survey Passamaquoddy Bay and to determine the position of the River 
St. Croix, the boundary between Nova Scotia and Massachusetts. 
Under date April 25, 1764, the instructions read : — 
When this [the survey of the Bay] is done, you are to go up the River 
St. Croix, for which purpose Capt. Fletcher will engage Indians with canoes 
to assist; . . . . when you get to the head of the river, you will find 
a pond which you must delineate as exactly as you can & particularly find 
out the most northern point of it so as to set it down in your plan. When 
this is done, one of you (or both if you please) with a party assisted by 
Indians with their canoes must cross by the usual portage from the pond 
into the River Madauwamkee which falls into the Penobscot & will carry 
you all the way to fort pownall. 
(Winslow MS.)* 
“ The usual portage into the River Madawaumkee” is of course 
unmistakable, it is the well known portage between the Grand Lake 
of the Chiputnaticook chain and the Baskahegan (see Map No. 22) 
which falls into the Matawamkeag, which in turn falls into the Penobs- 
cot, as fully described in the preceding Monograph of this series, page 
244. The description locates Bernard’s St. Croix as the Scoodic, %.¢., 
this first topographic location of it was perfectly correct. As to how 
Governor Bernard knew of this portage we have no idea, for no map 
up to that time marked it or used the word Madawamkeg. It is of 
course possible that he had before him some such map as Mitchell’s of 
1755 (Map No. 19) and from other sources had heard that the small 
branch of the Penobscot shown on Mitchell as running near Lake 
Kousaki bore this name and was connected to the lake by a portage. 
The next reference to the St. Croix is found in Mitchel’s own 
field-book? of his survey, in which under June 3 (1764) he refers to 

1 The Winslow MS., often referred to in the following pages, are in part 
published by the New Brunswick Historical Society, and a full description of 
‘them may be found at page 1-3 of that volume. For the use of many still 
unpublished papers from the same series, I have to thank the Editor, Rev. 
W. O. Raymond. Where the ‘ Winslow Papers ” are mentioned with a page, 
the reference is to the published volume, but the “ Winslow MS.” are still 
unpublished papers of the same collection. 
? The original MS. of this Field Book is in the Library of the Maine His- 
torical Society. I possess an exact copy of it, which is later expected to be 
published, with full annotations, in the Collections of the New Brunswick 
Historical Society. 
