[GANONG ] BOUNDARIES OF NEW BRUNSWICK 235 
of the map of Passamaquoddy were delivered to Governor Bernard in 
August, 1764. On Feb. 9, 1765, Governor Bernard wrote the following 
letter to Governor Wilmot of Nova Scotia, a copy of which is among 
the Winslow papers. 
Boston, Feb. 9, 1765. 
Sr. 
In my first letter to you proposing a settlement on the Hast side of the 
River St. Croix, I had no other Authority for my designation of that river 
but the information of the Indians now living there! Upon the receipt of 
your letter of Decr. 16, I conceived that your Surveyor General understands 
the river Passima [quoddy]* to be the River St. Croix: if so, he annihilates 
one river; for all authentick geographers, that I have seen, distinguish the 
River St. Croix from Passimaquoddy & place the latter West of the former. 
Capt. Southack [who] surveyed that Coast with much attention at the end 
of the last Century, in his large Chart, lays down those two rivers in that 
manner, and describes them separately from his own observations on the 
spot. Dr. Mitchell, who published his Map under the Authority of the board 
of Trade, lays down those two rivers in the same manner. Mr. Turner, who 
lately published a map of Nova Scotia, of not much authority, makes a river 
Fall into that Bay, west of the river St. Croix, which he distinguishes from 
St. Croix & calls Pesmocadie: which name he picked out of Popples inaccu- 
rate Map. Now there are 4 rivers which fall into that Bay, of which that 
called by the Indians Passimaquoddy is the most westerly: therefore accord- 
ing to those Geographers St. Croix must be one of the other, [three. To] 
elucidate this matter, I resorted to the foun[dation works] to the voyages of 
DeMons who gave [the name St.] Croix to that river, & the Voyages of 
[Champlain] who accompanied De Mons in one of his voyagles] thither. The 
former were written by L’Escarbo[t] & are found translated in Purchases 
[work] the latter were written by himself & [publlished at Paris in 1632, I 
mean the edition I have, which seems to be the first. They both agree in the 
description of the place so as to put it beyond all doubt that Passimiquoddy 
is not St. Croix; but Champlain is much more explicit & seems to me to 
point out plainly which is the river St. Croix. I send you an extract from 
Champlain with references to a map° of the upper part of the Bay which 
contains all the rivers which fall into it ; from whence it appears to me, that 
the River St. Croix is not that which the Indians lately pointed out, but 
another Northwest of it: and as for Passimaquoddy my Surveyors have gone 
thro it to Penobscot & it [answers] exactly to Champlain’s a[ccount of the] R. 
des Etchemins. [J have] no will or desire of my own [which riv] er shall be 
deemed the River St. Croix: [nor do I] expect that the Country between Pen- 
obscot & St. Croix will remain to this Province: but that it will be taken 
into the King’s hands in some way or other; but then it dont follow that it 
will be made part [of] the Province of Nova Scotia. If therefore my friends 
should take grants on the West side of St. Croix, they might be hereafter im- 
peached for being under the Seal of Nova Scotia & out of its boundary. It is 
for this reason that I have been desirous of knowing the true River St. Croix: 

? He refers of course to the information brought back by Mitchel. 
* The parts in brackets and italicized are illegible in the original, and are 
supplied by myself from the context. 
# Le., Mitchel’s map, not Champlain’s. 
