240 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
1783, nineteen in number, which show the boundaries thus drawn ; that 
is, the north line from the source of the St. Croix runs north to the 
southern boundary of Quebec where the latter runs along the highlands 
just south of that river, and there are numerous English maps pub- 
lished after the treaty of 1783 which continue to show the same bound- 
aries. All of the maps of this period have, however, an error, the 
origin of which I have earlier traced in the “ Cartography,” whereby 
the Restigouche heads much too far to the east, thus making the north 
line from the source of the St. Croix cross a watershed north of the 
St. John, separating its waters from those of the St. Lawrence river. 
This error is shown on Mitchell’s map, and, as we shall see, became 
immensely important in connection with the subsequent history of 
boundary lines in this region. 
The cartographical evolution of Passamaquoddy Bay in this period 
is important, but we may best consider it in connection with the next 
period. As to more local boundaries, there is but a single published 
map known to me which marks the old townships, and that is Des- 
Barres Chart of 1780 (reproduced in part later in Section V, C). All 
copies of this chart do not, however, contain the townships; the accom- 
panying cuts are from the Harvard copy, but that in the Lenox library 
lacks them. There are, however, several Ms. maps which show the 
townships on the St. John, of which the Morris 1765 map in the Public 
Record Office and the Johnson map of the same year in the Library of 
Congress are the best. 
THE LOYALIST AND THE SUBSEQUENT PERIODS. 
From the opening of the Loyalist period down to the present, the 
evolution of the boundaries of New Brunswick has been continuous 
and progressive. From the present point of view, therefore, there is 
but one period in this space of time, but the subject naturally divides 
uiself as follows : — 
(1) the International boundary. 
(2) the Interprovincial boundaries, including the Nova Scotia and 
the Quebec lines. 
(3) the Intraprovincial boundaries, including the county, parish 
and other minor lines. 
