[GANONG ] BOUNDARIES OF NEW BRUNSWICK 255 
by two nearly equal branches. First, as to the St. Croix intended by 
the treaty : in this their opinion was unanimous that it was the St. 
Croix of the grant to Alexander of 1621 that was meant, and hence the 
historical St. Croix the St. Croix of Champlain. They rejected the 
claim that the St. Croix of the treaty was the St. Croix of Mitchell’s 
map, the chief support of which was removed when Adams, Jay and 
Franklin all testified that it was the St. Croix of the eastern boundary 
of Massachusetts Bay they had in mind. Next, as to which river was 
the historical St. Croix. On this the maps and narratives of Champ- 
lain, in conjunction with the discovery of the ruins on Bone Island, 
left no room for doubt. As Benson says, they amount to a demonstra- 
tion that the Scoodic was the ancient St. Croix. Next, as to the 
position of its mouth. This they found at Joe’s Point near St. 
Andrews, partly upon topographical grounds, but partly because sus- 
tained by the usage of Champlain. It was pointed out by the American 
agent that this would leave a part of the boundary undefined, viz., 
among the islands of Passamaqueddy Bay. But the commissioners 
treated Passamaquoddy Bay as a part of the Bay of Fundy, and con- 
sidered the marking of a boundary among the islands no part of their 
duty. 
The next question was as to which of the two great branches form- 
ing the St. Croix should be followed in seeking the source. The British 
agent claimed the western or Scoodic branch on these grounds; (i) the 
original grant to Sir William Alexander establishing the St. Croix as a 
boundary (with which St. Croix, that of the treaty of 1783 was 
admitted by the commissioners to be identical) makes the boundary “ to 
the most remote spring or fountain from the western side thereof, which 
first mingles itself with the aforesaid river ” (Moore, 26, compare also 
earlier, page 165). These words were interpreted by the British agent” 
to apply to the western or Scoodic branch. But the American agent 
interpreted them as meaning the most remote spring entering from the 
western side, which interpretation I believe was the correct one. Two 
of the commissioners, however, Barclay and Benson, accepted the British 
interpretation at least in part. But (2) the British agent pointed out 

1 Benson says (Moore, 42) ‘The Map [Mitchell’s] and other proofs con- 
nected with it [depositions of Franklin Adams and Jay] therefore, instead of 
being of any avail to the party exhibiting them, they are in confirmation of 
the very principle of the claim of the opposite Party that the River intended 
in the Treaty, is the River intended in the Grant of Nova Scotia.” Sullivan 
remarks, plaintively (Moore, 22, note). .‘‘ There have been great difficulties 
resulted from that expression [viz., that the St. Croix was the river of the 
ancient boundary of Massachusetts] in these testimonies.”’ 
2 They are translated by him,—‘‘to the remotest source or spring upon 
the western branch thereof,’ (see footnote 2 on page 256). 
