[GANnona ] BOUNDARIES OF NEW BRUNSWICK 303 
recognized geographical term, a further characterization of it was 
desirable, and this the negotiators immediately proceeded to give in 
the words immediately following the phrase north-west angle of Nova 
Scotia. In making this description they had to be guided by the best 
information at that time available to them, and this was represented 
as we now know by Mitchell’s Map of 1755, the one which the negotia- 
tors on both sides all stated was the official map used in the negotia- 
tions. We turn to Mitchell’s map (Map No. 19, and also 29*), and 
compare the description of the north-west angle of Nova Scotia given 
in the treaty with the topography of that map. We find that a line 
drawn due north from the source of the St. Croix does reach High- 
lands (that is a watershed, and in the second edition of the map a 
range of mountains clearly represented) which divides rivers emptying 
themselves into the River St. Lawrence from those which fall into the 
Atlantic Ocean, so that according to this map the description of the 
north-west angle of Nova Scotia given in the Treaty is perfectly 
accurate. 
Whence then arose all the doubt and dispute as to the position of 
the north-west angle of Nova Scotia, doubts which never were solved 
and disputes which brought the two nations concerned well nigh to 
war ? The answer will be found by comparing Mitchell’s map and the 
description based upon it by the treaty, with a correct modern map 
when it will be found, that, while the due north line from the source 
of the St. Croix meets with Highlands (a watershed) separating rivers 
flowing into the River St. Lawrence from those flowing into Bay 
Chaleur, and also in another place with highlands separating rivers 
flowing into the Bay Chaleur from those flowing into the Atlantic 
Ocean, it nowhere meets with highlands separating rivers flowing into 
the River St. Lawrence from those flowing into the Atlantic Ocean. 
Mitchell’s map, and all of the maps of the time, was seriously errone- 
ous, and the negotiators who relied upon its correctness were misled 
into a description, which, perfectly correct in the light. of that map 
and therefore of their knowledge, proved erroneous in the later and 
more correct knowledge of the country, though the intention of the. 
negotiators, and the position they meant to assign to the north-west 
angle seems unmistakable. The actual words of the description of the 
north-west angle of Nova Scotia, therefore, do not describe any place 
whatsoever in this region. Hence an opening was allowed for ques- 
tion as to the interpretation of the treaty and thence arose all those 

? As explained earlier, with Map No. 19, it was the second edition of the 
map (Map No. 29), not, however, differing essentially from the first, which was 
used by the negotiators. 
