[GANONG] BOUNDARIES OF NEW BRUNSWICK 347 
stand in the matter had unquestionably been taken upon principle, and 
her consent was given for the good of the Union. The line as a whole 
was more favorable to Great Britain than was that of the King of the 
Netherlands, upon which it was really in part based, more nearly divid- 
ing the territory in dispute, but giving to the United States somewhat 
the larger part. The treaty, known variously as the Treaty of Wash- 
ington, the Ashburton Treaty or the Webster Treaty, was signed August 
9, 1842, and the part of concern to our present subject reads thus:— 
It is hereby agreed and declared, that the Line of Boundary shall be as 
follows:—Beginning at the monument at the source of the River St. Croix, 
as designated and agreed to by the Commissioners under the Fifth Article of 
the Treaty of 1794, between the Governments of Great Britain and the United 
States; thence north, following the exploring line run and marked by the 
Surveyors of the two Governments in the years 1817 and 1818, under the Fifth 
Article of the Treaty of Ghent, to its intersection with the River St. John, 
and to the middle of the channel thereof; thence up the middle of the main 
channel of the said River St. John to the mouth of the River St. Francis; 
thence up the middle of the channel of the said River St. Francis, and of the 
lakes through which it flows, to the outlet of the Lake Pohenagamook; thence 
southwesterly, in a straight line, etc. 
(Featherstonhaugh, Observations upon the Preaty of Washington, 1843.) 
Thus came to an end this long-standing and important contro- 
versy, and thus was legally established the present international 
-oundary of New Brunswick. 
The treaty, of course, made provision for a survey and permanent 
marking of the boundary, which was commenced in 1843 and com- 
pleted in 1847, though the New Brunswick part was finished in 1844. 
The British commissioner was Lieutenant-Colonel J. B. B. Estcourt, 
and the American, Mr. Albert Smith. The final report of these com- 
missioners was presented 28th June, 1847.1. The exploring line from 
the source of the St. Croix was found after some trouble, was cut out 
and marked with iron monuments to the St. John, and was resurveyed.? 
The St. John and St. Francis were surveyed, and the islands of the 
St. John were apportioned according to the position of the channel and 
marked with monuments indicating to which nation they fell. The 
operations from the outlet of Lake Pohenegamook to the St. Lawrence, 
_of great interest though they are, hardly concern our present subject. 
As a result of these surveys a beautiful series of large scale maps was 
prepared, and a copy of the set relating to the boundaries of New 


1 It is published in ‘‘ Richardson’s Messages and Papers of the Presi- 
dents,’ IV., 171. Estcourt’s most interesting Report upon the operations on 
the New Brunswick boundary is in the Blue-book of 1845, 12. 
? The Report of the U. S. Coast Survey for 1889 calls attention to the 
present condition of this line and the monuments, and suggests the need for 
a remarking of the line. 
