[Ganone ] BOUNDARIES OF NEW BRUNSWICK 375 
to his brother, Thomas Carleton, Governor of New Brunswick, which 
Treads :— 
I understand the high land, which runs by the great rapids [ie., the 
Grand Falls] on the River St. John, is the boundary, and separates Canada 
from New Brunswick and the New England Provinces. (Winslow Papers, 839). 
At a first glance it is not easy to understand the basis of Lord Dor- 
chester’s (and, we may add, of General Haldimand’s) understanding on 
this question, for both must haye been perfectly familiar with the legal 
boundary between the two provinces. It is true, Quebec had exercised a 
certain jurisdiction more than once over the Madawaska district ; thus 
the Seigniory of Madawaska, granted in 1683, south of the watershed, 
naturally appertained to her ; in 1763 she issued a proclamation pro- 
hibiting all Canadians from interfering with the Indian hunting grounds 
down to the Great Falls of the River St. John, and in 1784 an Indian 
was tried in Quebec for a murder committed at Madawaska (Blue Book 
of 1851, 11). These acts of jurisdiction, however, did not establish a 
claim ; they are simply evidence tthat Quebec considered she had a 
claim to the Madawaska region, but as to its legal basis we are entirely 
in the dark. But whatever that basis may have been, we at least know 
one good reason why it seemed important to Lord Dorchester to advance 
and maintain it, namely, as his letter of Aug. 6, 1787, cited below, 
shows, he foresaw the intimate connection between the interprovincial 
and the international boundaries , and that if the former were fixed at 
the northern watershed, so would the latter be, and thus all the Mada- 
waska and Temiscouata region would be given to the Americans, inter- 
rupting the communication on British territory between the British 
provinces of Quebec and New Brunswick. At this time all others inter- 
ested in the international boundary seem to have acquiesced in the belief 
that the north line must run to the northern watershed (see earlier, 
pages 310-313). Lord Dorchester appears to have been the very 
first not only to see that in order to save to England the Madawaska 
region and the invaluable line of communication through it, the north 
line must be stopped south of the northern watershed, but he was also 
the first to suggest the highlands south of the Grand Falls as the inter- 
national and interprovincial boundary. In all this he displayed a won- 
derful foresight, and he was the real originator of that claim of Great 
Britain for a boundary on the Mars Hill highlands, a claim which 
enabled her to save the part of the Madawaska district of the most value 
to her. 
The first practical step towards the settlement of this boundary 
was also taken by Lord Dorchester, who on May 29, 1787 (Winslow 
Papers, 342), asked Governor Carleton to direct the Surveyor-General 
