382 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
It is of interest to note that up to this time Quebec had always 
been the aggressor in the attempts to settle the boundary. This was 
good policy on ‘the part of that province, for the close relationship 
of the interprovincial to the international boundary (the highlands 
of the international forming in their continuation the interprovincial 
boundary) now beginning to claim attention, gave her an immense 
advantage over New Brunswick, and it was for this reason that she 
was active and New Brunswick preferred to let the matter rest. No 
doubt Lord Dorchester’s appeal to the patriotism of his brother had 
its effect, and certainly Governor Carleton was placed in an unenvi- 
able position, for his loyalty to the Empire was thus brought into 
conflict with his duty to the province of which he was governor. 
Under such circumstances there is but one natural course to pursue — 
namely, to do nothing; and this New Brunswick found the easier from 
the fact that she had other troublesome boundary questions upon her 
hands. 
At this point the subject appears to have rested for many years. 
This was, no doubt, because the international boundary was now be- 
coming a subject of controversy, and both its greater importance and 
its bearing upon the interprovincial problem combined to postpone 
the consideration of the latter. In 1798, the St. Croix ques- 
tion was settled, and it was determined that the due north line was 
to start from the source of ‘the Chiputneticook instead of from the 
source of the Scoodic. This greatly increased the difficulties of New 
Brunswick, for it threw all the Madawaska settlement to the west- 
ward of the north line and hence outside of New Brunswick, a fact, 
however, which New Brunswick never, under any circumstances, ad- 
mitted. It soon became plain to Governor Carleton and others, 
as it had been plain to Lord Dorchester a dozen years before, that 
Great Britain could only hold the Madawaska region and her invalu- 
able line of communication between the provinces by making the north 
line stop at highlands south of the St. John, where, happily there was 
a range of highlands, the “ central highlands,” for which a claim could 
be made. But making such a claim for Great Britain was equivalent 
to admitting the boundary claimed by Quebec, for there could be no 
doubt whatever, and no one even seriously questioned, that the high- 
lands which formed the boundary between Quebec and New Bruns- 
wick by the Proclamation of 1763 and the Act of 1774, were precisely 
the same which formed the boundary between Quebec and Massa- 
chusetts by the treaty of 1783. This subject must have been per- 
fectly clear to Governor Carleton and his successors, and it is greatly 
to New Brunswick’s credit that, with this possible loss of her own 
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