[GANONG] BOUNDARIES OF NEW BRUNSWICK 383 
northern territory before her, she threw herself with devotion and 
without reserve into the struggle to secure the whole of the disputed 
territory to Great Britain, and she showed herself then, as she has 
shown herself since, most loyal to the Mother Country. New Bruns- 
wick is not only pre-eminently the Loyalist province; she is equally 
the loyal province, and between these two facts there is no doubt a 
casual connection. 
It was fifty years before the boundary controversy between Quebec 
and New Brunswick was resumed.t During all this time, although no 
boundary was formally agreed upon the Restigouche gradually became 
the recognized boundary from its mouth to its source, no doubt be- 
cause Quebec exercised jurisdiction north of its mouth and New Bruns- 
wick south of it? The Restigouche is marked as the boundary on 
nearly all maps between 1800 and 1842, not only on those issued in 
Quebec (such as Bouchette, 1815 and 1831), and on those published 
in England, but even the map of 1832 published by Thomas Baillie, 
Surveyor-General of New Brunswick, and later the warmest advocate 
of a boundary on the northern watershed, marks everything north- 
west of the Restigouche as “part of Lower Canada.” I have not 
been able to determine on what map this boundary first appeared, 
nor any basis for it other than that of occupation, and the suggestion 
of Governor Carleton. Sir William Colebrooke, in a letter of 1842, 
cited below, speaks of “ the Restigouche River, regarded as the nominal 
boundary.” Certainly it was never formally agreed to by New 
Brunswick as even a provisional boundary or this fact, would have 
been brought out ‘by Quebeg as a point in her favor in some of the 
subsequent voluminous discussions. As a rule, on these maps the 
Restigouche is the boundary to the Wagan, whence a line follows the 
Grand River to the St. John, but on others the boundary follows the 
Restigouche to its intersection with the due north line and then fol- 
lows that line. This appearance of the Restigouche as the boundary 
even on New Brunswick maps is the more remarkable since New 
Brunswick continued to hold full sway over the Madawaska region, 
and this jurisdiction was confirmed in 1830 by the Home Government, 
through instructions sent to the governors of the two provinces by 
Right Hon. Sir G. Murray in a confidential despatch; after stating that 

1 In the “Statement” of 1829, page 341, are several documents which 
seem to show that about 1800, a post had been set up on the height of land 
on the Temiscouata Portage and was recognized by the Acadians as the 
boundary between Canada and New Brunswick. 
* New Brunswick practically adopted this boundary in 1826 when she 
erected Gloucester County to include the Parishes of Beresford and Sau- 
marez, which had been bounded north by the Restigouche. 
