384 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
it is necessary “in order that our conduct may be consistent with our 
arguments,” that Quebec should continue to exercise jurisdiction over 
Temiscouata and Madawaska Fiefs, while New Brunswick was in 
authority only to the mouth of the Madawaska, he says:— 
Under these circumstances, therefore, it is advisable for the 
Government of Lower Canada to maintain and exercise its jurisdiction over 
the Lake Temiscouata and the River Madawaska, quite down to the afore- 
said grant to Simon Hebert, at its mouth, which will include the whole 
Fief of Madawaska ; and the Government of New Brunswick to maintain 
and exercise its jurisdiction, as heretofore, in other parts of the disputed 
territory, including the Madawaska settlement on the main river St. John, 
but not to extend it up the River Madawaska. I have communicated corres- 
ponding instructions to Mr. President Black, administering the Government 
of New Brunswick. . 
(Blue-book, 1851, 61.) 
It is plain enough both from other passages in this letter 
and as well for other reasons, that this arrangement was desired 
by the Home Government in order to prove occupation by Quebec, 
admitted by New Brunswick, to as much territory as possible south 
of the northern watershed, the intention being to show in the inter- 
national controversy that Quebec boundaries had always been con- 
sidered and admitted to extend south of that watershed, and hence by 
presumption to the central highlands. But this despatch never be- 
came known to the map-makers, for no trace of a boundary giving 
the Madawaska district to New Brunswick is found upon any map of 
the time. In one case at least, however, this division was later recog- 
nized, for in 1848, Earl Gray proposed to the Governor of New Bruns- 
wick to respect it, pending the decision of the commission of 1848 
(Blue Book, 100). 
With the signing of the Ashburton treaty in 1842, the New Bruns- 
wick-Quebec controversy suddenly revived and entered upon a new 
phase. That treaty granted neither the full British claim (carrying 
with it that of Quebec), nor the full American claim (carrying with it 
that of New Brunswick), but chose a compromise line nearly halving 
the territory in dispute, and splitting the Madawaska settlements into 
halves. Had the final outcome of the international controversy been 
the recognition of the full claims of one party or the other, then there 
can hardly be any doubt that the interprovincial boundary would 
have been a continuation of the international boundary, for legally, 
as all admitted, one was to be the continuation of the other. Had the 
American claim been sustained, then New Brunswick would be bounded 
to-day by the northern watershed and the due north line from the 
St. Croix to it; had the British claim been fully sustained, then the 
eer 
