[GANONG ] BOUNDARIES OF NEW BRUNSWICK 405 
boundary and the starting point for the remainder. The exact position 
of this south-eastern boundary of the seigniory had been determined and 
marked by Joseph Bouchette, Jr., in 1836 (Blue Book, 13). It con- 
sisted of a line starting at a point nine miles (three leagues) in a 
straight line from Lake Temiscouata down the Madawaska, and extend- 
ing back at right angles to the river six miles (two leagues) from each 
bank, precisely as shown on our modern maps. Having, however, 
awarded this seigniory to Canada, it was natural to award to her also 
the territory between it and the international boundary on the west, for 
such territory was naturally tributary to her, and would be of little use, 
and would give very awkward form, to New Brunswick. 
Yet Dr. Lushington designed to award the upper St. John to 
New Brunswick, and to accomplish this he appears to have intended 
to give her a strip along the north bank of the St. John to the St. 
Francis about as wide as she possessed at the mouth of the Madawaska. 
This implied a line approximately parallel with the St. John from 
the south-west corner of the Madawaska Seigniory to the St. Francis, 
which would be met at a distance from the St. John approximately 
equal to the distance of the Madawaska Seigniory from the St. 
John. Actually, as a good modern map shows (and in this point 
the arbitrators had good maps before them, those of the Inter- 
national Boundary survey, the originals of our present maps and 
one of which they reproduce with their report), that distance on the 
St. Francis is reached at about the outlet of Lake Beau, and the exact 
outlet was selected in order to give a definite starting point for the 
boundary. The maps of the interior territory, however, between the 
St. Francis and the Madawaska showed at that time a number of 
lakes, some tributary to the St. John and others to the Lake Temis- 
couata, and, considering the importance of the streams in the lumber 
trade, it was natural to assign the former lakes to New Brunswick 
and the latter to Quebec. According to those maps, this end could 
be accomplished by running a line just south of Long Lake (for which 
a point one mile south of that lake was selected) and thence to the 
seigniory, and it was for this reason no doubt that such a line and 
not a straight one was adopted.! As a matter of fact, however, the 
maps of the interior were very erroneous, as shown by a comparison 
of the arbitrators map (Map No. 32) with a modern map. The 
lower end of Long Lake is there placed much too far north and west 
while Baker Lake is placed south instead of east of it. Accordingly 

* According to the Arbitrators own map it is difficult to see why this point 
was not put farther south, but according to Graham’s map of 1843 which they 
used, a point a mile south of Long Lake was about half way between Long 
and Baker lakes. 
