[GANONG ] BOUNDARIES OF NEW BRUNSWICK 411 
SUMMARY OF THE POSITION, AND THE FORTUNE, OF NEW BRUNSWICK 
IN HER VARIOUS BOUNDARY CONTROVERSIES. 
Reviewing the boundaries of New Brunswick, one must be struck by 
her good fortune in the results of all of them. When the Province was 
founded in 1784, she inherited from Nova Scotia a number of legal 
boundaries which had never been laid down on.the actual face of the 
country, and it was the fitting of these paper boundaries to the actual 
topography which originated the boundary disputes. Not only have 
all of the legal questions been decided upon the whole markedly in her 
favour, but several windfalls in the form of unexpected wedges of ter- 
ritory have fallen to her during the process. of marking out the 
boundary lines. The first question was as to the identity of the 
St. Croix ; this was decided precisely at it should havelbeen, and there- 
by she neither gained nor lost. Next came the Passamaquoddy Island 
question, in which New Brunswick exchanged her perfectly good title to 
three small and comparatively unimportant islands for the nearly equal- 
ly good title of the United States to the very much larger and. many 
times more valuable Island of Grand Manan, surely a very good bargain 
for her. Geographically not only do the three islands mentioned ap- 
pertain to the United States, but so do Grand Manan and Campobello ; 
so, the net result of this question is that New Brunswick possesses 
every island to which geographically and naturally she is entitled, plus 
Grand Manan and Campobello. Next came the Northwest angle con- 
troversy. Here New Brunswick’s international was interlocked with 
her interprovincial boundary, because, without any question whatever, 
the legal southern boundary of Quebec was the legal northern boundary 
of both Maine and New Brunswick ; and whatever northern boundary 
was claimed for New Brunswick, its westward extension should legally 
form the international northern boundary of Maine, and whatever 
international northern boundary was claimed for Maine, its eastward 
extension should legally form the northern boundary of New Bruns- 
wick. From 1785 until after 1814 New Brunswick vigorously and 
rightfully claimed a northern boundary on the watershed just south of 
the St. Lawrence, thereby in fact admitting the correctness of the 
American claim to a northern boundary for Maine on the same water- 
shed. After 1818, however, when her interests required it, she sud- 
denly completely reversed her position, and, ignoring her earlier claims, 
contended for a northern boundary for Maine along the Mars Hill or 
central watershed, thereby virtually admitting the Quebec claim to a 
boundary south of the Tobique. The International question was 
settled by a compromise between New Brunswick’s earlier and correct 
