430 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
they were only partially so, since most of the counties contained in 
1786 much land not assigned to any parish. Where land grant bound- 
aries are not used for parish lines, compass lines following the more 
important meridians (true or magnetic, north or east, 45° lines, ete.), 
and many such lines are to be seen in the parish lines. Natural 
A Chart of Nova Scotia 
JF W. DesBarres 
1780 

Map No. 40. Townships of Westmorland after Des Barres, 1780. Sketch from 
original ; x i, 
boundaries have been used in the case of the sea coast and the larger 
rivers, and in a few instances of the smaller streams. 
In some of the parishes, particular settlements have become so 
populous that they have sought and obtained the dignity of separate 
incorporation, with a mayor, council, etc., and to these the name 
“town” is by popular usage in New Brunswick restricted. The only 
towns in the province are St. Stephen, Milltown, Marysville, Woodstock, 
Grand Falls, Chatham, Newcastle, Campbellton. St. John, Fredericton 
and Moncton are separately chartered as cities. 
The parish, like the county lines, owe something, though not 
much, to inheritance from the preceding period. Thus, of the original 
parishes of 1786, five in Westmorland, namely Westmorland (Cumber- 
land), Sackville, Moncton, Hillsborough and Hopewell, and two on the 
St. John, namely Maugerville and Burton, were townships of Nova 
Scotia, adopted with, or nearly with, their original boundaries. They 
