46 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
The complete geological sequence of formations pertaining to the 
Carboniferous system in New Brunswick cannot be seen at any one 
point. Thus to the north, around the shores of the Baie des Chaleurs, 
the lowest rocks referable to this system are found to occur as a narrow 
fringe along the north side of that bay in the province of Quebec, where 
they extend from the mouth of the Restigouche River to the extremity 
of the Gaspé peninsula. The formation is not, however, continuous, 
since the shore line is occupied at many points by portions of the older 
rocks upon which the Carboniferous sediments rest. 
These lower Carboniferous strata also appear along the New Bruns- 
wick coast of this bay from the former place to the vicinity of Bathurst 
at the mouth of the Nepisiguit River, resting unconformably at intervals 
upon rocks of Devonian and Silurian age, and near the latter point 
upon granite masses, the lowest beds at this place being filled with 
pebbles from the granite. 
Along the south side of the Baie des Chaleurs the red sandstones 
which are seen along the Quebec shores extend below Bathurst for about 
five miles, when they are concealed along the shore by sands. These red 
beds have been styled the Bonaventure formation, and they have gen- 
erally been supposed to represent the upper division of the lower 
Carboniferous series. 
A gap in the succession of the overlying strata here occurs along the 
beach for about five miles, and the next rock outcrops are reddish and 
greenish gray shales interstratified with greenish-gray and red sand- 
stones. A section in this upper series amounting to 400 feet was 
measured along this part of the coast in 1844 by Sir William Logan. 
In the upper part of this section two beds of coal are found, one of eight 
inches and the other of six inches, separated by 132 feet of red and gray 
sandstone and shale. Stratigraphically these beds with their thin coals 
should represent the Millstone-grit formation. 
In order to work out the structure of the New Brunswick basin 
satisfactorily, a comparison must be made with the rocks of Carbon- 
iferous age as developed in the adjoining province of Nova Scotia, where 
the system has a very extensive development. To elucidate the structure 
in that province, Logan in 1843 measured his historical section of the 
Carboniferous rocks along the Joggins shore in Cumberland county. 
This section comprised a thickness of strata amounting to 14,571 feet, 
extending from the lower Carboniferous rocks of Minudie westward, 
and included the Millstone-grit, the Productive coal-measures and a 
large part of the Upper Carboniferous formation.* 

1 Rep. Prog. Geol. Survey, 1843. 

