50 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
To the north of the Newcastle area also are the Salmon River out- 
crops with a thickness of about one foot eight inches. These are 
undoubtedly a repetition of the seam on Newcastle Creek. Indications 
of local faulting are here seen, but the amount of displacement is 
evidently small. 
The above statements in regard to coal outcrops cover practically 
our present knowledge of the subject. There are other and smaller out- 
crops recorded at several points in Westmorland county, but in no case 
were these more than a very few inches in thickness, while in some 
places the so-called mines were simply in the carbonized bark of fossil 
trees. 
From a careful estimate made at several places throughout the prin- 
cipal basin the thickness of the formation above the lower Carboniferous 
is probably under 1000 feet. The assumption that a portion of this, in 
the interior basin, should be assigned to the Productive and upper Car- 
boniferous formations is now practically abandoned, and it is considered 
probable that all the rocks in the area, with the exception of a narrow 
margin along portions of the Gulf shore, should be assigned to the hori- 
zon of the Millstone-grit. 
An estimate made in 1884 for the thickness of this formation in 
the county of Westmorland gave a volume of about 1000 feet. The 
rocks in this area are however in places somewhat more highly inclined; 
but on the assumption that the great Carboniferous basin is traversed 
by a series of low anticlines at intervals of not more than six to seven 
miles, with an assumed dip of two degrees, the thickness of the forma- 
tion would not be greatly in excess of 650 feet. Local depressions may 
however occur where this is considerably exceeded. 
In the southeastern part of the province near the coast of the Bay 
of Fundy in Albert county, the strata are much affected by faults and are 
sometimes inclined at angles of eighty to ninety degrees. Indications 
of small seams were observed in this area at several points, but the 
Productive measures of the Joggins section in Nova Scotia do not appar- 
ently reach the New Brunswick shore. 
The relations of the middle Carboniferous rocks or Millstone-grit 
portion to the underlying formations are in most cases quite clear. 
Throughout a large part of the great basin the lower Carboniferous 
sediments are well displayed, among which marine limestones are fre- 
quently recognized. 
At many points there appears to be a lack of conformity between 
the Millstone-grit and the lower Carboniferous formation. This uncon- 
formity is well seen at places along the southern border of the basin 
and in the Grand Lake area, as also in the counties of Albert and West- 
morland. It is not possible to get thé entire development of the under- 
