148 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
This belt has an average breadth of about four miles, and, in con- 
trast with the region to the south and east, is remarkable for the 
persistency and comparative uniformity of the rocks composing it. 
Among these, especially about Woodstock, are massive quartzites and 
slates not obviously different from those of the region last described, 
but with these, and over extended tracts almost to their entire exclusion, 
are beds of volcanic or semi-volcanic origin, such as diorites, amyg- 
daloids, felspathic sandstones or ash-rocks and agglomerates, with, in 
places, extensive bands of granitoid grit, a rock only obscurely stratified 
and at a short distance looking much like granite or syenite, but upon 
closer inspection found to be largely a recomposed rock, and at times 
becoming a distinct conglomerate. With these there are also, as on 
Oak Mountain and in Monument settlement, well marked bands of 
blood-red, somewhat hematitic slates, fragments of which, inclosed 
in the overlying Silurian conglomerates, and very readily recognized, 
afford the most convincing proof of the unconformity of the two 
systems. 
At various points along the course of the belt the rocks in question, 
owing to their relative hardness and power of resistance, are noticeable 
features in the landscape, and in the Oak Mountain Ridge, two miles 
north of Benton, rise into a series of somewhat prominent hills. 
Probably the most remarkable display of the “ volcanics” is to 
be seen along the course of Eel river above Benton, and in South 
Richmond and Monument Settlements, where, over very extensive 
areas, including nearly all the country lying about such tributaries as 
the Pocowogamis, Pocomoonshine and Gidney’s brooks, hardly any- 
thing else is met with than dioritic rocks, often coarsely amygdaloidal. 
These on water-worn surfaces are often seen to be also of a conglomerate 
nature, blocks sometimes several feet in diameter being imbedded in a 
matrix of apparently similar derivation. 
It would, I think, be impossible for any one familiar with the 
so-called Huronian rocks of southern New Brunswick to see the above 
described beds of Carleton county without being struck with the very 
close lithological resemblances between the two. While, however, the 
former are in St. John county distinctly below and unconformable to 
the Cambrian quartzites, the resembling beds are in Carleton interstrati- 
fied with the latter, and must be regarded as being also a portion of the 
Cambrian system, the Etcheminian and lower horizons being unrepre- 
sented here. This view is further confirmed by the fact that in Monu- 
ment Settlement the rocks of this volcanic and quartzite group are over- 
laid by a considerable belt of black slates, which, though it has as yet 

