76 J. T. HOLDEN 
TABLE I 
AMINO ACID POOLS IN GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA* 




@ @ @ g 
ees a 2s 83 sss 835 
S 8 eS URRaierenakes So un) ee Si 
n = aS q H a 
Ref. numbers 119 88 161 20 63 71 115 142 142 
Growth medium** CO DO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 
Age (h) 2 14 2 20 18 4 48 14 264 
Growth phase*** ES ES ES ES ES LE LE 


Glutamic acid AAA AA AAA A AA 4.0 23.0 21.0 2577, 
2 ail 
Aspartic acid AA A AA AA AA 3.8 5 I 0.3 
Glutamine AA A 
Asparagine A A A A 33 0.6 
Alanine AA AAA AA AA AA 0.81 II.0 4.5 0.5 
Glycine A A AA AA 0.28 ToT 3-3 1.6 
Threonine A A AA A 0.10 5.5 3.4 
Serine A AA AA AA 0.34 3.8 0.8 0.4 
Lysine A AAA AA 0.22 6.2 0.2 0.3 
Arginine A 0.22 TA 
Histidine 0.17 1.0 
Leucine/Isoleucine A A 0.26/0.85 9.9 Higit 0.3 
Valine A A 7.5 153} 0.3 
Methionine A 0.67 In2 
Proline A A ity) 
Hydroxyproline A 
Tyrosine A 0.2 Te 7, 
Phenylalanine 0.13 0.5 
Tryptophane 0.13 
y-Aminobutyric acid A AA 
Cyst(e)ine A 0.55 
Unknowns 4 2 4 6 6 I e @ 


* In this and the following tables, the presence of an amino acid is indicated in one of three 
systems of symbols. When only presence and absence was reported: @ indicates presence, a blank 
space indicates absence. All semi-quantitative systems have been converted to the following 
three-step scale: A, present in small amounts; AA: moderate amounts; AAA, large amounts. 
Comparisons can be made only within a column and not between columns. Quantitative data have 
been converted when necessary and are shown as ymoles/too mg dry weight of cells. 
** The following abbreviations are used in this and subsequent tables. CO, complex organic 
media in which extracts of tissues such as yeast, liver, and beef are used to provide amino acids, 
vitamins and other growth factors. DO, defined organic media in which amino acids and vitamins 
are provided as known substances. This category includes media in which vitamin free acid hydro- 
lysates of casein are used to supply amino acids. CS, carbohydrate—salts media in which carbon is 
provided in a single substance generally glucose, and nitrogen is supplied as a salt or, in a few 
instances, as a single amino acid. I, completely inorganic sources of carbon and nitrogen. 
*** The apparent phase of growth is indicated as follows: EE, early exponential; ME, mid- 
exponential; LE, late exponential; ES, early stationary; S, stationary. Whenever this information 
was not provided directly by the author an estimate is presented if at all possible. The same com- 
ment applies to age which often was not exactly specified. 
References p. 105/108 
