SPHENISCIDAE 5/ 



Kerguelen Land, the Falklands, Crozets, Auckland, Macquarie, 

 ( 'an)p1)ell, and other southern islands, apparently confounded with 

 the last-named under the title of A. 2Jntagonica, is distinguisli- 

 al^le hj the longer bill, more orange chest, and lack of feathers on 

 the sides of the mandible and metatarsus. The crowded Ijreed- 

 ing grounds are flat spaces of hard soil covered with slime, and 

 are often quite apart from the general quarters. When disturbed 

 the birds utter a loud " urr-urr-urr," and run to the sea at a great 

 pace, maintaining an upright position : -while they pass to and 

 from the water singly, and not in tlocks, as do other species.^ 

 The pyriform eggs are sometimes held up hy the parents' feet. 

 Pygosceles taeniata, tlie " Gentoo," of similar but more restricted 

 range, is bluish-black above and on the throat, having the lower 

 parts, the margins of the flippers, and a band across the crown 

 wdiite. Dense colonies are found both near the sea and several 

 miles inland, a regular path being often beaten down by the birds 

 traversing it in company : the nests consist of a little herbage 

 in a hollow, or are small conical mounds of stones and clay, lined 

 with feathers and down, the oval eggs being frequently of unequal 

 size. The note is an unmelodious bark." P. adcliae inhabits the 

 icy regions of the far south. 



Si^henisrus dcmcrsus, the Cape Penguin or Jackass, ranging from 

 western South America to South Africa, has bluish-black upper 

 parts and throat, and white lower surface crossed by a blackish 

 band — or two in the variety rnagcJlanicus. The note is a harsh 

 bray ; the eggs are either deposited in burrows — presumably dug 

 by the parent itself — or, as on rocky islands near the Cape, in 

 nests of pebbles and ruljlush, commonly placed under large stones."'' 

 S. {Ev(lyijt}i}(C) minor is a, l»luer species with white throat, that 

 part being dark coloured in the whole Family except here and 

 in Eudyptes (intarcticus ; it occupies the south of Australia and 

 the New Zealand area. The note is a loud croak or growl, and 

 the oval but somewhat pointed eggs are laid on a bed of leaves and 

 grass in an excavation in the soil or a crevice among rocks.'* S. 

 mendicvlus, the only tropical form, occurs in the (lahipagos. 



The genus En dy pica contniiis the crested " Maccaroni " Ten- 



' Cf. Moseley, Rc'p. Voji- " C/ia/frnfjnr," ZooL ii. 1880, Birds, p. 123. 

 - Cf. Abbott, Ibis, 1860, p. 336 ; Sclater, op. cit. 1891, p. 501 ; and Eaton, rinl. 

 I'rcnis. cl.xviii. 1879, pp. 154-157. 



' Cf. Abbott, ut supra, and Mosclej', op. cit. pp. 124, 125. 

 ■♦ Bullcr, Biych of Xnr ZraJninl, 2nd ed. lS8S,*p. 301. 



