(l PART I. GENERAL ACCOUNT 



the Atlantic Ocean near the shores of Western Europe. [E. C. Southward 

 (1961-1962) has described eight new species and one new genus from South 

 Africa, Canada and Malaya (this last on the basis of a re-examination of the 

 Siboga material). Ivanov (1961a) has described two new genera and three new 

 species, Hartman (1961) a new species from American waters and numerous 

 authors have added to the known distribution of previously known or non- 

 descript species (Brattstrom, 1959; Brattstrom and Fouchald, 1961 ; Hartman 

 and Barnard, 1960; Kirkegaard, 1961a; Menzies et al., 1959; Moskalev, 

 1961; Parker, 1962), and this English edition adds eleven new species to 

 the list.] 



This abundance of new material has allowed, during the last decade, far 

 more detailed investigations into the organization of the Pogonophora than 

 was possible before 1950. Their feeding mechanisms have largely been 

 elucidated, their embryological development and geographical distribution 

 have been studied, a workable system of classification has been erected and 

 firm foundations have been laid on which to judge of their systematic position 

 in the animal kingdom (Ivanov, 1952, 1955a, b, c, 1956a, b, 1957a, c). 

 Jagersten (1956) has made interesting observations on the histology of 

 Siboglinum and in 1958 Brunet and Carlisle carried out a chemical analysis 

 of the tubes of various Pogonophora and showed that they consisted largely of 

 chitin. Recent papers of Ivanov (1958a, b, 1959a) have been devoted to the 

 structure of the genital and nervous systems and to the phylogeny of the class. 

 Finally, Ivanov (1960a) has published a review of the organization of the 

 Pogonophora. In this summary the results of his investigations into the 

 different organ systems (integument, glands, and circulatory, excretory and 

 coelomic systems) were collected together for the first time. 



