13. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 131 



near the Shetland Isles and off the coasts of Norway and Iceland by the 

 Russian ship R.V. Lomonosov. In 1959 Brattstrom collected a species of 

 Siboglinum (probably S. ekmani) in one of the Norwegian fjords and he has 

 since found abundant material of this same species, together with another 

 undetermined species in all the deep water fjords of the Norwegian coast 

 (Brattstrom and Fauchald, 1961). It is truly remarkable to find pogono- 

 phores in what are virtually inland waters. 



No pogonophores have been recorded yet from the wesertn Atlantic* and 

 only one from the southern basin of this ocean — Heptabrachia talboti E. C. 

 Southward (1961b) from the coast of South Africa. 



In the North Polar Basin several finds of pogonophores have been made. 

 In 1949 Ivanov described Polybrachia gorbunovi (as Lamellisabella gor- 

 bunovi), which was collected by the Arctic Research Expedition of R.V. 

 Sadko in the East Siberian sector of the Arctic Ocean. In 1956 the Soviet 

 Arctic Expedition of R.V. OF found Siboglinum hyperboreum near the east 

 coast of Greenland. A new species, at first thought to belong to Diplobrachia 

 but now described under the n&meNereilinum murmanicum Ivanov (1961), 

 has been found in the Barents Sea near Murmansk (Moskalev, 1961), where 

 it seems to be abundant. Southward (1962) has described a new species of 

 Galathealinum from the Canadian Arctic and future research in the Polar 

 Basin will undoubtedly bring to light other new species of pogonophores. 



At present only Siboglinum meridiale is known from the Antarctic, where it 

 appears to be widely distributed throughout the Atlantic sector together with 

 fragments of several undeterminable species. This material was obtained 

 during recent summers by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition of R.V. Ob\ 



It is obvious that we possess only fragmentary information about the 

 pogonophoran fauna of the oceans, so to present any kind of general con- 

 clusion about the geographical distribution of the group would be premature. 

 It is, however, possible to list, with some degree of confidence, the following 

 regularities: 



1. Coastal seas and regions off the coasts of continents and large islands 

 are far richer in Pogonophora than are the floors of the open ocean, though 

 finds on the continental shelf are equally rare. It is possible that in places very 

 far from land Pogonophora may generally be absent. 



2. The fauna of each of the inshore seas of the Pacific Ocean is charac- 

 terized by a different assemblage of pogonophores. 



3. Trenches situated near to continental land-masses and near to coastal 

 waters have their own specific pogonophoran fauna containing a large 

 proportion of endemic species. 



* But see Bayer (1962), 



