[ganong] origins of SETTLEMENTS IN NEW BRUNSWICK 9 



tivcne>s of tlie siocial, intellectual, and busiiiovss opportunities offered 

 in the cities, opportunities M'hioh beooine progressively more attractive 

 the larger the community, thus producing a steady movement cit}^ard 

 largely in opposition to the tendency imposed by environmental ten- 

 dencies alone. Yet another important modification of environmental by 

 historical and sociological factors lies in the establishment of artificial 

 political boundary lines, with their usual accompaniments of hostile 

 customs tariffs, which invariably restrict the natural flow of trade, and 

 hence act to the detriment of peoples, and the restriction of their 

 settlements. 



PART I.— THE FACTORS DETERMINING THE ORIGIN AND 



DISTRIBUTION OF SETTLEMENTS IN 



NEW BRUNSWICK. 



As above noted these fall into three classes, which we shall consider 

 separately. 



A. Historical Factors. 



The history of the Province has been so varied that thesic factors 

 are numerous, and, moreover, they vary greatly with the different periods 

 of our history. Hence it is practically better to treat them in detail 

 later under the special periods to which they belong, and we need here 

 note only the periods thomselveg. These are from our present point of 

 view as follows : — 



1. Prior to the advent of Euroj^eansi the Province was occupied by 

 Indian trilx^s, — The Pre-liistoric or Indian period. 



2. Nearly a half century after the discovery of America the discovery 

 and exploration of the Province began, and continued, though very 

 slowly, down to the beginning of settlement in 1604, — The Period of 

 Discovery and Exploration. 



3. In IGO-f the French began to settle the Province, as part of 

 Acadia, and continued their efforts, though with indifferent success, 

 until it was taken from them l)y the English about 1T(J0, — Tlic Acadian 

 Period. 



4. Aftt'r 17 GO the English began to settle the Province, bringing 

 settlers from Great Britain, and especially from the colonies» to the south, 

 which they continued until the advent of the I^oyalists in 1783, — The 

 English Period. 



5. In 1783, at the close of the Revolution, the Loyalists, forced to 

 abandon their homes in the revolted colonies, came in large numbers to 



