16 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



the greiiitest of Xew Brunswick industries next after the cultivatio.i 

 of the soil; and some of the principal Xew Brunswick settlements lie 

 at the centres of the lumber industry, wdiich, naturally, are on the rivers 

 at or near the principal seaports in the geog-raphic foci of the river 

 systems, a fact well brought out by a comparison of mapsi 3 and 13. The 

 forest also determines some minor industries which we can better note 

 later. 



It happens unfortunately that through accident and mismanage- 

 •ineiiit the forest has in places become temporarily exhausted, thus 

 necessitating the abandonment or decline of formerly prosperous lum- 

 bering settlements, whidh has happened especially in parts of Charlotte 

 ■County. 



(J. Fisheries. Xext after the soils and forests New Brunswick's 

 wealth lies in her fisheries, which are very rich both on the sea coast 

 and in the inland waters. In the coast waters occur the cod, pollock, 

 haddock, herring, mackerel and a few of lesser value. These occur 

 widely scattered along the coast but are especially abundant in two 

 regions, among and near the Islands of Pa^samaquoddy Bay and around 

 •Miscou and Shippegan, and it is in these two regions that the most 

 •numerous and iDrosperous fishing settlements occur. In other coast 

 settlements, as along the North Shore, the sect fishing is an occupation 

 supplementary to farming, and is not of itself alone determinative 

 of settlements. Another form of fishery, the capture of porpoises, is 

 ■O'f some local importance at Passamaquoddy, and the taking of the 

 ■walrus or sea-cow was formerly an important industry at Miscou and 

 elsewhere on the North Shore. Another form is the taking of shell- 

 fish; lobsters are taken nearly everywhere on the coasts, while oysters 

 occur, though in diminishing abundance, in many harbours of the North 

 Shore, while clams have some local value, especially in Charlotte. None 

 of these special forms of the fishery are, however, alone determinative 

 of settlements though they supplement other resources. 



Passing to the river fisheries, we find that the most important 

 fish by far is the salmon, which runs into all the rivers of the Province, 

 but especially into the St. John, the Miramichi, the Nepisiguit and 

 above all the Restigonche, determining important fisheries in the tide 

 waters of those rivers as well as a fishery for sport in their uppi.r waters. 

 ^Everywhere in the interior abounds the brook trout, determining, 

 however, a fishery rather for sport than business and not determinative 

 of settlements. Other important fish are tlie shad (particularly m 

 Petitcodiac), gaspereau, sturgeon (formerly), bass, pickerel, eels and 

 some others, most of them adding to the resoiirces of settlements other- 

 wise determined, but not themselves tlie causes of settlements. 



