18 • KOYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



small 5ic:ile at Miramiehi and Bay of Chaleur. The local demand is, 

 "however, small, and a formerly prosperoms business was destroyed, 

 causing the abandonment of its settlements, by the imposition of high 

 duties by the United States, another form of the modification of envir- 

 onmental by sociological factors. J^imestone occurs at many points, but 

 is only locally worked. 



j. }Yater Powers. New Brunswick possesses a combination of 

 moderate precipitation, moderate slope? from the interior to the sea, 

 very numerous streams and rivers, and abunidant obstructions causing 

 water-falls at intervals in those streams. Thus result numerousi, though 

 few great, water powers, the principal of which are shown on the accom- 

 panying map (Map No. 3). Iliese powers are utilized whenever near 

 ^the mouths of streams yielding much lumlier, determining sobtlements 

 there (iLarysville, Milltown and a few smaller places), but far the 

 greater number of these powers now run to waste, mostly because the 

 lumber has been exhausted in the rivers above them (as in Charlotte), 

 or because they are situated too far from the sea for the profitable manu- 

 facture of lumber (as at the Grand Falls of the St. John, and of the 

 Nepisiguit). There is as yet little demand for other forms of manu- 

 facturing, to cause their utilization in other ways. These water powers, 

 however, are among the greatest potential resources of the Province, 

 and important settlements will undoubtedly spring up in the future in 

 their vicinity. 



/.:. Tides. The tides of New Brunswick coast waters, though suffi- 

 ciently rcmarkal)le from some points of view, appear so far to have had 

 little direct effect upon settlement, although indirectly, through the 

 building of the great marshes at the head of the Bay of Fundy, they 

 have affected it powerfully. Nevertheless they should be reckoned 

 amongst the potential wealth of the Province. It is altogether probable 

 that the immense power developed by the swing of the 50-foot tides 

 at the head of the Bay of Fundy, and to a lesser degree all along the 

 coast, especially among the Passamaquoddy Islands, will in time be 

 utilized, thus adding greatly to the settlement of those particular 

 regions. 



I. Natural Scenery. In its rugged soa-coast, its charming ripe river 

 valleys, and its fine hills. New Brunswick po'sscisscs much beautiful, 

 though, little grand, scenery. This has hitherto hardly affected settle- 

 ment, but it is coming to do so through its attractiveness to tourists and 

 Isummcn' residents, an influence likely to increase in importance with 

 time and to inifluence settlement to some extent. Such settlements, 

 however, are not of an especially desirable kind, both because of their 



