[ganong] origins of SETTLEMENTS IN NEW BRUNSWICK 19 



interaiittent character, and because of their effect on the character of 

 the regular residents. 



Such in general are the environmental factors which have deter- 

 inined the broader distribution of settlements as we find them in New 

 Brunswick to-day. A comparison of the physiographic with the popu- 

 lation map (Maps Xos. 3 and 13) will show how closely factors and dis- 

 tribution coincide. The population map, however, gives no idea of the 

 'nationality or age of the settlements, or other features of their history. 

 To understand these, we must consider now all of the factors together, 

 tracing their operation chronologically from the pre-historic period to 

 the present. 



PART IT.— THE OPERATION OF THE FACTORS IN THE 



PRODUCTION OF NEW BRUNSWICK 



SETTLEMENTS. 



1. The Pee-Histoeic (Indian) Peeiod (to 1604). 



The (lawn of history in New Brunswick found thigi Province thinly 

 peopled by two Indian tribes. Micmacs and Maliseets, living in the stone 

 age, and subsisting exclusively, or almost exclusiively, by the chase. Such 

 settlements as they formed embraced a few semi-permanent villages, 

 with many scattered and temporarily occupied camp-sites" of various 

 degrees of importance. 



The locations of these places have l>een described and mapped, and 

 the historical evidence relating to them has been discussed, in the earlier 

 ^lonograph on His(toric Sites (pages 217-259), while certain facts dis- 

 covered since the publication of that work will be found in the Addenda 

 to the present series. There can be no doubt that all of the village and 

 camp-sites I have been able to discover form only a portion, and with- 

 out douljt only a small portion, of the sites which existed in pre-historic 

 times. For the North Shore and its rivers, the records are particularly 

 scanty, and I have no rloubt that large village sites and innumerable canip- 

 sitesi existed there of which no trace remains. Even the evidence as 

 to pre-historic settlements is largely inference from their conditions in 

 hisitoric times, and it may not be wholly correct. Certainly our map 

 (JNFap No. 5), although marking every village and camp-site known to 

 me, must fail to give any adequate i'dea of the number of sites which 

 actuallv existed. The distribution of such as are known is shown in 



