22 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



Maliseets was in the eighteenth centiir}^ at Aucpac, later at Madawaska, 

 and probably earlier at Meductic, with possibly a subordinate one at 

 Conosquamcook (St. Andrews), while that for the North Shore ]\Iie- 

 macs appears to have been at Skinouboudiohe (Burnt Church), and for 

 the Micmacs at head of the Bay of Fundy it was probably at Midjic. 



h. Occupations. The pre-historic Indians O'f Xe.v Brunswick had 

 practically but one occupation, — hunting and fishing. Hence the loca- 

 tions of the settlements of the period are determined very largely by 

 the best game localities, as will later be traced under the environmental 

 factors. The fact that they were so well distributed over the Province, 

 as Map No. 5 shows they were, is correlated with the wide distribution of 

 game in the Province. 



c. Eacial character. The most striking feature of Indian character 

 was no doubt their nomadic habit, which had been imposed upon them 

 by their mode of life. This led them, despite a certain sociability of 

 disposition inclining them to enjoy life together in villages, to wander 

 incessantly in small parties, over the length and breadth of the land. 

 Hence their numerous camp-sites, scattered throughout the Province at 

 advantageous points, occupied for various lengths of time from a few 

 hours to some weeks, and of all degrees of size and frequency of occu- 

 pation, were more characteristic of their settlements than were the few 

 semi-permanent villages. These camp-sites, large or small, were not 

 haphazard spots occupied anywhere that night or a whim might be sup- 

 posed to arrest their wanderings, but were perfectly definite places, occu- 

 pied year after year. The reason for their definiteness was two-fold, 

 first, the great difficulty of clearing new camp-sites from the dense forest 

 with their crude tools, and Second, the need for certain definite requisites, 

 later to be noted, for a good camp ground, which requisites are not to 

 be found anywhere, but only in certain places. Even the villages seem 

 to liave been only semi-permanent, since they were apparently often 

 completely abandoned. 



d. Eeligion. These Indians were, of course, entirely pagans, full 

 of superstition, with no definite religious rites, and no sacred places. 

 Plence their settlements were not affected in any degree by this factor, 

 unless their known dislike for certain uncanny places, like the gorges 

 below the greater falls, may have acted restrictively against settlement 

 near such places. 



