[ganong] origins of SETTLEMENTS IN NEW BRUNSWICK 23 



C. Eiiriroiiinciilal Fad ors. 



a. Location of ga»ie (litui/iu;/ and fishing J grounds. Dependent 

 ;almo6t entireiy u})un game for their subsistence, the locationis of Indian 

 village and camp-sites were determined by this much more than by any 

 *other factor. 



From this point of view game is of four sorts. First, there is the 

 large furred game, the moose, caribou, deer, beaver and some smaller 

 forms, widely, and indeed uniformly, scattered all over tiie Province, and 

 hunted not only for food, but for the furs indispensable for the 

 Indians' clothing. These animals can be profitably hunted, not from 

 large villages, but only by small parties moving continually, and hence 

 this form of the chase determined not the larger, but those smaller 

 isites, wliich were scattered very widely, even to the most remote parls 

 'of the Provinice. and many of which, still used by their white sportsmen 

 'successors, are indicated to us by the naiuies Indian Lake, Indian Brook, 

 €tc. Second, there is that game, especially the waterfowl, which seeks 

 'certain definite locations at definite seasons, such as the waterfowl 

 "which resort to the great marshes and lagoons of the Nortli Shore, to 

 the great marshes and bogs of Westmorland, and to marshy lakefe 

 and meadows elsewhere; and such localities no doubt helped to deter- 

 mine some of the larger oamp-sites, especially along the North Shore, 

 and very likely some others, especially Alidjic in Westmorland, and 

 those on Maquapit and French Lakes. Third, there is the game which 

 ^migrates or lives along definite paths at definite seasons, such as the 

 great fresh- water food-fishes, the salmon, trout, gaspereaux and some 

 others, and whose movement is, or may be, checked at certain favour- 

 able points, such as waterfalls, or tide-heads on the rivers, or in narrow 

 thoroughfares between lakes. In such localities the conditions exist for 

 camp-sites of large size and considerable length of occupation; and 

 ''accordingly it is in such situations that we find most of the more 

 important camp-sites and some of the village sites of the 

 Province, such as those at Salmon Falls, Kitmaquac, and the 

 Grand-Chepedneck (Lakes) falls on the St. Croix, at St. George, at 

 Aroostook Falls, at Maquapit, at Madawaslca, and at the mouths 

 of most of the branches of the Upper St. John which enter 

 the main river with falls or heavy rapids, at the mouths of the branches 

 'of the Miramichi and elsewhere. In fact, wherever on a considerable 

 fetream is a large waterfall or heavy rapid, and wherever the fresh 

 water meets the tide with a fall or rapid, there one may with reason- 

 able assurance look for a camp-site. Fourth, tliere is the game which 

 'occupies permanently a fixed position, and may be found practically at 



