24 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



•ail}' time, of wliicli tlie most importaiîit were the eels, all the year 

 round occupying definite ])Ools and very acceptable to the Indian taste, 

 ànxi the various slieli-fish. As to the former, they perhaps determined 

 more than any other single game factor the sites of important camp- 

 sites, and moreover, they seem to have had a great deal to do with, the 

 location of the semi-permanent village sites. Thus Kilmaquac, Mediictic, 

 Slinouhoudiche (Burnt Church), and certainly several modern settle- 

 ments, which are also probably pre-historic, such as Nadouan (Eel 

 ground), on the IVIiramichi, and the settlement at Eel River in Resti- 

 gouche, with no doubt others, are near important eel pools and 

 located there for this reason. As to the shell-fish, the most important 

 'on the Fundy coast are the groat clam-beds everywhere abundant in 

 the coves and harbours; and numerous important camp-sites marked 

 by great heaps of clam shells, as listed in the " Historic Sites " Mono- 

 'graph. were thus located about Passamaquoddy and thence towards 

 'St. John. On the jSTorth Shore the principal shell-fish wm the oyster, 

 and no doubt the extensive oyster beds' along the lagoons of that coast 

 'determined the locations of many extensive camp-sites there, although, 

 ■owing to the rapid sinking anid washing away of that flat coast, these 

 'sites have largely disappeared. 



Another form of the chase, hunting rather than fishing, which 

 determined certain camp-sites was the pursuit of the porpoise, which 

 no doubt produced aboriginal, as it has modern, camp-sites on Grand 

 'Manan, at Lepreau and elsewhere near Passamaquoddy; and perhaps 

 the sea-cow, or M^alrns fishery had a similar influence on the North 

 'Shore, though as to this there is no evidence. 



The importance of any given camp-site was of course determined 

 largely by the number of factors contributing to establish it, and the 

 'largest sites, together with the village sites, were the cumulative result 

 of a number of favourable factors. 



1). Lines and jtmrtinns of communication. New Brunswick was 

 originally densely forested, with a forest of such a close tangled charac- 

 ter as to be penetrable only with much labour. On the other hand tlie 

 'country is everywhere penetrated by fine rivers, mostly nav'gable for the 

 light Indian birch canoes, and coming so near together at their heads 

 that they are easily brought into coinmection by short and level pO'rtag3 

 'paths. Hence aboriginal travel was exclusively along these rivers or 

 the sea-coast, and there existed a perfect network of routes of travel 

 'throughout the Province, a system mapped in the frontispiece to the 

 Historical Sites jMonograpli. Travel being entirely along the water- 

 Vays, the Indian village and canip-sitcs were situated along them also; 

 "and, as the map will show, this was their exclusive position, and therj 



