28 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



e. iSituations of great natural charm. The Indian was forœd by 

 the necessities of his hard mode of life to be practical in his selection 

 of camp grounds, but 1 am of opinion from what I know of his disposi- 

 tion as well as from the location of the principal sites, that, other things 

 being equal, he had a marked preference for situations of marked natural 

 charm, and tended to locate his camp there. At all events the principal 

 camp or village sites of the Province are in the positions of greatest 

 natural beauty the Province ban show, asi witness Conosquamcooh (St. 

 Andrews), Madawaska, Aucpac, Restigouclie and others. 



/. Situations of tool-quarries. The Indians made their tools, espe- 

 cially arrow-heads, knives, etc., of flint or chalcedony, and they camped 

 at times where such material could be found. One such camp-site is 

 known on W'asliadcmoac Lake, as descriljed recently by Dr. G. F. ^lat- 

 thcw.^ Probably there are others, and no doubt there were camp-sites 

 on the Tomogonops to which the Indians resorted for their pipe-stone. 



D. Summary. 



Such appear to be the factors determining the locations of the 

 pre-historic settlem^ents of New Brunswick. They explain why. in this 

 period, the village sites were so few but were located in the important 

 places they were, and why the camp-sites were so» numerous, of such 

 diverse degrees of importance, and so widely scattered. It is notable 

 that the factors here important are almost purely environmental, the 

 historical and sociological factors so dominant in the later periods being 

 as yet of camparatively slight importance. If we ask now in what ways 

 this pre-historic distribution afi'ected the distribution of settlements 

 to-day, there seems to l:e but one matter to be mentioned. — some of the 

 sites, occupied more or less continuously through historic times by the 

 Indians, detexmined tlie locations of present Indian rc^servations, 

 as will be found noted Uitcr in this work. Otherwise our settleinents 

 are located as if tluxse of the Indians had never been. 



2. The Period of Discovery and Exploration (1492-1604). 



No settlements were made in this period within the limits of the 

 present New Brunswick, but the coursie of events during this time pro- 

 foundly affected not only the distribution of settlements later, but also 

 the entire history of the Province down to the present day. Obviouslv 

 only historical, and not sociological or environmental factors are here 

 in operation. 



In these Transactions, VI, 1900, iv, Gl. 



