[ganong] origins of SETTLEMENTS IN NEW BRUNSWICK 33 



made to introduce settlers and the system as a whole was a failure. 

 Under it, however, were formed the small posts, usually fortified, of 

 St. Aubin and Chartier at Passamaquoddy, of Martigiwn at Carleton, 

 of Soulanges at Jemseg, and Freneiise at Maugcrville on the St. 

 John, of La Vallière at Chignecto, of dc Chauffours at Eichihueto, of 

 Fronsac at Miramiehi, and of Enaud at N'episiguit. None of these, how- 

 ever, proved permanent, though that of La Vallière at Chignecto was by 

 far the mosit prosperous and populous, and it was only terniinated by the 

 troubles leading up to the expulsion of the Acadians. 



e. The Introduction of the Acadian People. In 1G32 the French 

 received Acadia back from the English, and proceeded actively to exploit 

 it. Tn 1633 de Eazilly, commander in Acadia under the company of 

 New France, brought from France the first of those peasant farmers 

 who, joined by others later, founded the Acadian people, and gave to 

 Acadia an industrious, tractable, devoutly religious and loyal population. 

 They settled firsit at La Heve, but later removed to Port Eoyal and, 

 increased by occasional new arrivals and by their own rapid multipli- 

 cation, they ppread, apparently as independent settlers, to Chignecto 

 and Beauscjotir (Amherst and Sackville) (1671), to Shepody (1698), 

 to Fetitcodiac (1698), and to tlie St. John (after 1700), while a few 

 scattered individuals reached Passamaquoddy. Miramiehi, Miscou and 

 Nepisignit, though in these latter cases it was not as independent set- 

 tlers, l)ut as tenants or servants of the seigniors. Such was substantially 

 the position of the Acadians, when, in 1710, England and France being 

 at war, the English seized Port Eoyal, and Acadia passed for the last 

 time into the possession of England. 



/. Tlie divided allegiance of the Acadians. Tlie cession of Acadia 

 Toy France to England, with the transfer of the allegiance of all its 

 ^French inhabitants who chose to remain there, marks the most impor- 

 tant event and the most vital turning point in the whole history of 

 the Acadian people. The " Aoadia wdthin its anicient limits" ceded by 

 the treaty of 1713. was believed by the British to include all of the 

 •present Nova Scotia, excepting Cape Breton, and all of New Bruns- 

 nvick, with that part of Quebec north of New Brunsavick to the St. 

 Lawrence; but it did not include Me St. John (Prince Edward Island) 

 and Cape Breton. The French, however, claimed that the Acadia of 

 the treaty included only the peninsula now called Nova Scotia, and 

 that all of the mainland (including the present New Brunswick), was 

 a part of New France and still belonged to them. This matter of 

 'boundaries was further complicated by a claim raised by tlie French 

 a few years after, by which they held that Acadia included not even all 



Sec. II., 1904. 3. 



