[ganoncx] origins of SETTLEMENTS IN NEW BRUNSWICK 37 



ince. Accordingly, in 1758, powerful armed expeditions were sent 

 against their settlements on the St. John, Petitcodiac, and Miramichi 

 which thoroughly destroyed those settlements, with probably Shediac 

 and others along that coast, and dispersed the inhabitants. As a result 

 they retired higher up these rivers and to other places beyond the reach 

 of English ships. Thus originated, no doubt, the Acadian settlements 

 above St. Annes, those on the French Lakes, and in other retired places 

 on the St. John, including perhaps, on Little River, Sheffield, together 

 with some on the Petitcodiac above Salisbury, at the Forks of Turtl-3 

 Creek (Fourche à Crapaud) and Butternut Ridge, all above the 

 navigation of vessels on the Petitcodiac, and probably small settle- 

 ments on the upper part of the IMemramcook. It was likewise at this 

 time no doubt that the reputed French settlement, now marked by cellars, 

 on the Miramichi above Doaktown was formed, and it is quite likely thut 

 the settlers in refuge in 17G0 at Buctouche and Richibucto were also 

 settled some distances up those rivers. But their chief refuges were at 

 Nepisiguit, and especially on the Restigouche, at Petit Rochelle, where, 

 in. the latter case no doubt they thought themselves undoubtedly within 

 the limits of French territory. But even here they were not safe, for 

 in 1760 an English fleet in pursuit of a French squadron destroyed 

 Petit Roehelle. During all these years the Acadians were an outlawed 

 people, and any of them who remained in New Brunswick were there 

 simply because the English were unal)le to remove them. In 1759 and 

 17G0, however, the Acadians on the St. John, and those on the Petit- 

 codiac, Memramcook, Buctouche and Richibucto made their submission 

 to the English, and were permitted to remain temporarily where they were 

 settled, or to reside for a time near Fort Cumberland. Tlie next year, 

 1761, however, many of the latter, together with others who came to the 

 Fort, were removed to near Halifax and elsewhere ; and later in the same 

 year over 300 who had not submitted or who had withdrawn from sub- 

 mission, were removed from Nepisiguit. But thenceforth they wire left 

 undisturbed in their places of refuge. Thus the Acadian population 

 of the present New Brunswick was reduced to a few remnants, mostly 

 scattered among the harbours of the North Shore, probaljly not exceed- 

 ing a few hundreds in all. But in l763 the Treaty of Paris was signed, 

 transferring all Acadia with Canada to England, and a new era dawned 

 for the Acadian people. 



y. Relations with earlier and neighbouring races. The relations of 

 the French an,d the Acadians with other races were two-fold, first \nth 

 the English, and second with the Indians. As to the former, there 

 v/as a condition of hostility for over a century and a half, leading to 

 the building in New Brunswick of several forts, St. Jean, NashwaaJc, 



