88 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



Jemseg, yerepis, Beaiiséjour. Gospereau, Shediac, minor posts at Pont 

 à Buot, probably St. Mary's Point and Fort Folly Point, and of strong, 

 batteries at French Fort Cove on the Miraniichi, at Point Le Garde and 

 Battery Point (in Quebec) on the Eestigoucho, and possibly at Nid 

 d'Aigle on the St. John. It was quite another phase of defence which 

 led, to the great strengthening (though not the original building) of the 

 first fort at St. John, Fort La Tour, viz., civil war between La Tour 

 and his rival Charnisay. 



In their relations with the Indians, the French, by fair dealing, 

 a certain sympathy with their character, and the influence of the priests, 

 won their friendship from the start. The French, like the English 

 later, seem never to have recognized any right of the Indians to the 

 soil, but extended their settlements as they pleased, with the passiive 

 acquiescence of the Indians. Because of this mutual friendship, the 

 French settlements were located by other factors than the need of 

 defence against the Indians, and they spread unhampered by any restric- 

 tion from Indian hostility. The settlement at St. Croix Island, in 

 1604, alone seems to have had itsi position located in part by fear, of 

 Indian hostility, a groundless fear as it later proved. On the other hand 

 there was actually some tendency for the smaller French settlements to 

 be formed near the Indian villagesi, partly for environmental reasons, 

 but also because of the facilities thus otfered for trade, and because 

 Indians and French could thus use the same churches and be served 

 by the same pries-ts. Such a double settlement was that at Burnt 

 Church, and no doubt there were others in the Province- 



B. Sociological Factors. 



a. Government. Acadia was settled by the French entirely under 

 the feudal system in which the Government resided wholly in the 

 othcially appointed governors and seigniors, the people having no part 

 whatsoever in it. We have already considered the reasonsi which made 

 the Bay of Fundy the centre of French operations in Acadia and which 

 made Port Eoyal the capital. It remained the capital throughout the 

 Acadian period with the exception of ten years, when, under the stress 

 of foreign invasion, it was removed to the retired positions at Jemseg 

 (1690-1692), to Nachouac (1692-1698), originating Fort St. Joseph 

 there, and to St. John (1698-1700). Hence the settlement of the 

 present New Brunswick was hardly at all affected by this consideration. 



h. Occupations. The occupations of the French settlers of Acadia 

 fall rather sharply into two groups, farming and trading. The farmers, 

 the real Acadian people, and always the strength of Acadia, were set- 



