[ganong] origins of SETTLEMENTS IN NEW BRUNSWICK 45 



valuable element in the population of the province, where their settle- 

 ments have persisted and grown to this day. 



c. Ailempt to settle Nova IScotin on the tenant system. During 

 this period, and especially in the years from 1765 to 1770, the Govern- 

 ment endeavoured to promote the siettlement of the country by making 

 great grants of land to proprietors and land companies, who agreed to 

 settle these estates with tenants or other settlers. In this way a large 

 part of the best and most accessil)le lands in New Brunswick (shown 

 on the accompanying Map Xo. 7, but excepting Maugerville, Sackville 

 and Cumberland) were granted, not to actual settlers, but to promotirs 

 of settlement. Tn a few cases settlements were formed under this system. 

 Thus Captain Owen settled some thirty-eight settlers on his grant of 

 Canipohrllo. Captain Spry placed a few settlers on his lands at Spry- 

 hamptoii. on the 8t. John (though they did not remain), as did Charles 

 Morris in MurriMHiia and Arthur (lOold in Goohlshorougli, though in 

 some of these cases the settlers came of their own accord to the St. 

 John, and bought or squatted on lands belonging to the proprietors. 

 The land companies having the grants of II illshorough, Moiufiton and 

 Hopewell l)rought a few Pennsylvania Uernian settlers to these lands, 

 and the grantees of that part of Hope well south of Shepody (now in 

 Harvey) also placed a few settlers on tliese lands, as did those having 

 the grant of a part of the present Dorchester, though in this latter case 

 the settlers may have been squatters. In. a few other cases, though there 

 was little actual settlement, enough attempt was made to settle the 

 grants to enable them to be held and sold in the next period, as in the 

 case of Kemhles Manor, Glasiers Manor and some smaller grants on the 

 St. John. The settlements thus formed, however, were always small, and 

 in nearly all cases characterized by quarrels between tenants and pro- 

 prietors, which culminated in the case of the Monckton, and apparently 

 the Hillsljorough and Hopewell, settlers, in suits at Law against the pro- 

 prietors whereby the tenants oibtained possession of their lands. Thus, 

 not only did this si}'stem of great grants not accomplish what was ex- 

 pected of it, but it actually impeded settlement in the next period, for, 

 although in time these lands were regranted to actual settlers, it was only 

 after the earlier grants had been legally escheated, a process requiring 

 much trouble and delay at a period when the lands were imperative!}'' 

 needed for new settlers. 



d. Repatriation of the Acadians. The Treaty of Paris, of liG3^ 

 which finally transferred all Canada and x\cadia to England, changed 

 entirely the status of the Acadian ]ieop]e. On- the one hand, by trans- 

 ferring to England their former French refuges in Quebec, Isle St. 

 John and Oape Breton (leaving St. Pierre and Miquelon alone under 



