[ganong] origins of SETTLEMENTS IN NEW BRUNSWICK 49 



were without exception upon tiie Bay of Fundy waters. On the other 

 hand the north shore being as accessible as the gouthern, (or rather 

 more accessible) from Europe, it results that the settlements of English 

 and Scotch origin were either in the Bay of Fundy (the Yorkshiremen), 

 or upon the ISTorth .Shore, and vvith a marked preponderance, when all 

 three provinces are taken together, in favour of the latter. This marked 

 difference was not limited to thisi period but has continued, though m 

 lesser degree, to the present, fio that as a whole the Bay of Fundy slope 

 of the province has received its population largely from the present 

 American States, while the North Shore has l)een ehietly peopled from 

 Europe. 



This same geographical factor also markedly influencil the distri- 

 bution of the Acadian population after the repatriation, for it led the 

 Acadians returning from Quebec, from Isle St. John, and from St. 

 Pierre and Miquelon to settle along -the North Shore rather than to 

 join their fellow countrymen around the Bay of Fundy. Another 

 phase of accessibility isi found too in the fact that those settlements 

 south of the Miramichi were mostly founded, or at least enlarged, by 

 Acadians from Isle St. John and from St. Pierre and Miquelon while 

 t.hose north of the ]\riramic]vi were settled by Acadians, together with 

 some Canadians, from Queibec, including Gaspé. 



h. Lines and junctions of communication. In this period all 

 communication Avas still by water, and the new settlements w^re formed 

 in all cases upon waters navigable by vessels as a comparison of our 

 Maps Nos. 3 and 7 will show. It happens that the best lands of the 

 province, salt marshes, and intervales, are upon such waters, so that 

 these two potent factors co-operated to locate the settlements as they 

 were. 



c. Location of good lands. The great majority of the immigrants 

 of the period, and all of the Acadians, were farmers, and hence sought 

 the good Fands. At the opening of the period the best lands of the 

 Province, the great salt marshes at the head of the Bay of Fundy, 

 lay vacant, and ini large part prepared for culture by the previous 

 labours of the Acadians. To these lands the New Englanders naturally 

 turned first, and there they founded the earliest, largest and most pros- 

 perous settlements, including Sackville, Cumberland (now Westmorland), 

 and later, Dorchester, Hopewell, Hillsborough, and Moncton; and it was 

 these lands which attracted the second most important immigration of the 

 period — the Yorkshiremen. The marsh lands however, were more exten- 

 sive than the new settlers were niimerous, and considerable tracts of good 

 marsh in less desirable situations, on the ]\Iemramcook and Petiteodiac 



Sec. ir., 1904. 4. 



