[ganong] origins of SETTLEMENTS IN NEW BRUNSWICK SI 



grounds of Passamaquoddy a iiundjor of New England fishernicu, vviîo 

 settled upon the various islands. Tiie sea-cow (walrus) fishery ceased 

 to exist early in this period, and the small amount of whale, porpoise 

 and other fishing did not appreciably affect settlement. 



/. Lucalion of trading centres. In this period trade became of 

 increasing importance, with the chief exports, furs/ lime and pine 

 masts, and of course these stations grew up in the geographical foci of 

 the Province. There was one at Indian Island for Passamaquoddy, at 

 Portland, with others at Monckton and St. Annes, for the St. John, at 

 Wilsans Point for the Miramichi, at Alston Point for the Nepisiguit, 

 and at Wall^ers Brook for the Eestigouche. In the Cliignecto region no 

 single trading station of importance seems to have arisen. 



g. Outlets for the lumber trade. The only lumber export of this 

 period consisted of white pine cut for masts for the royal navy. This 

 tree occurred in New Brunswick in great perfection upon two rivers 

 in particular, the St. John and the Miramichi, of wlhich at this time 

 the former was the more important because of the greater abundance 

 of labour there available. Portland was the natural port of shipment 

 for it, and this trade co-operated with other trading interests to build 

 up that place. 



h. Location of ivnfcr powers. The agricultural settlers of this 

 period needed mills to grind their grain and to saw lumber for local 

 use, but, owing to their limited numbers and small resources, they 

 were able to use only those of minor importance, such as occur at the 

 falls of brooks rather than of rivers. So abundant are such brook falls 

 throughout the Province that they could be found almost everywhere 

 the}' were needed, and hence they hardly affected the location of settle- 

 ments. Many of the' streams in the Province, known, as MiUstream, or 

 Milt Brook, received their names in this way in this period. Of the 

 somewhat larger powers utilized at this time the most important were 

 Denys Stream near the present St. Stephen, and the Nashwaak at the 

 present Marysville. 



i. Location of mineral resources. The occurrence and distribution 

 of minerals in the Province appears not to have influenced the distri- 

 bution of settlements in this period. A partial exception occurs m 

 the case of Portland, where the limestone aibove the falls was early 



^ The extent of tlio fur trado in tliis period is shown by figures given by Dr. 

 Raymond in his " St. .Tohn Uivtr" ( ( 'li. XVII ). Ho shows that the firm of Simonds 

 and White exported from St. John in the ten years preceding the Revolution, skins 

 of at least 40,000 beaver, 11,022 musquiush, (;,0.")0 marten. 870 otter, 258 fisher, 522 

 mink, 120 fox. 140 sable, 74 racoon, 67 loupcorvier, 8 wolverine. 5 bear, 2 Nova 

 Scotia wolf, 50 caribou, 85 deer, and 1,113 moose. Of course many others were 

 exported from the other stations al.so. 



