S2 



ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



quarried and burnt, making the export of lime to Xew England a 

 factor in the trade of that place. 



;'. Positions of natural charm. This period was a severely prac- 

 tical one in N'ew Brunswick, and aesthetic considerations had no place 

 in the location of the settlements. Happily, however, the best and 

 most accessible lands of the Province happened to occur in places pos- 

 sessing the greatest natural beauty, so that the settlers of this period 

 were fortunate in their natural surroundings. No doubt, in very minor 

 matters, as in the selection of the precise positions for houses, etc., 

 considerations for beauty of outlook were given weight. 



D. Summary. 



These factors together amply explain the distribution and character 

 of the settlements of this period. If now we ask what efEect the dis- 

 tribution of these settlements had upon those of the present, we find 

 that it was most important; for in this period were founded a consider- 

 able number of those important settlements of to-day whose location is 

 determined by natural factors, and which stand in the more accessible 

 and richer parts of the Province. 



5. The Loyalist and Native Expansion Period (1783-1812). 



This period began with the advent of the Loyalists in 1783, con- 

 tinued through some thirty years of growth, chiefly from internal 

 expansion of the New England, Acadian and Loyalist settlements, and 

 closed about the time of the war of 1812, which marks the approximate 

 boundary between the period of native expansion and that of active 

 European immigration;. The locations of the Loyalist settlements, 

 and of the great grants on which they have been formed, are described 

 and mapped in the earlier Monograph on Historic Sites, 336-31:5, and 

 the principal facts as to the Loyalist and other settlements of the 

 period are shown on the aceompanying Ma])s. Nos. S and 9. 



A. Historical Factors. 



a. Advent of the Loyalists. The expansiion of the British race in 

 the marvellously rich, spacious, and energy-stimulating country of 

 America gave it a people of wonderful growth, not only in numbers and 

 wealth, but in character, individuality and capacity for independent 

 thought and action. Tender such circumstances the independence of 

 this people from the conitrol of the mother country could be only a 

 (]u.\stion of time. Tt was hastened, however, by misunderstandings. 



