[ganoncî] origins of SETTLEMENTS IN NEW BRUNSWICK 69 



William Hanington, who purchased an earlier grant,, including all 

 of the west side of Shediac Harbour. He was joined later by settlers from 

 various sources, whose descendants still occupy those lands and neigh- 

 bouring parts of the province. Another immigration added to Nepisiguii 

 its first permanent English-speaking settlers, — James Sutherland, an 

 Englishman, with a few others, who came by way of the United States 

 in 1789. The only case of a compact immigrant settlement formed 

 in this period is that of Scotch Ridge, near St. Stephen, formed by a 

 disbanded Scottish Eegimenit in 1804, a thriving settlement which 

 soon expanded to Pomeroy Bidge and Bassivood Ridge. Another form 

 ■of immigTation which here may be mentioned is that from the United 

 States, the only notable example of which, in this period, is Grand 

 Manan, to which numerous American settlers came prior to 1800, 

 though others no doubt settled singly in other parts of the Province. Yet 

 another form brought into the province certain disbanded soldiers 

 from Quebec, one of whom founded the settlement at Jacquet River, 

 e. Expansion of the Loyalists. Once adjusted to their surround- 

 ings, the Loyalists prospered and multiplied in numbers. As the young 

 men came to maturity, they desired and sought new farms for them- 

 selves, for which they readily obtained grants, thus originating a period 

 of expansion of the original Loyalist settlements'. The first phase 

 of this expansion was the taking up of the unoccupied lots abandoned 

 by the first grantees in the original settlements, thusi producing at first 

 rather a consolidation of the older settlements than the formation of 

 new ones. Another, though rather later, phase of combined expansion 

 and consolidation wasi the settling of various military reserves set apart 

 among the first settlements, but apparently soon thrown open to settle- 

 ment.^ In a few years, however, this consolidation had been practically 

 completed, and a movement into the wilderness lands' began. First 

 of all, this movement led to the settlement of the second tier of lots 

 in the rear of the older settlements wherever good lands existed. In 

 this way a fringe, as it w^ere, of new settlements was made on the up- 

 lands back of the older settlements, which seems to have occurred, to 

 a greater or less extent, in all of the original Loyalist parishes. In 

 most cases, however, these new settlements were considered simply as 

 parts of the older, and do not bear separate names. Their positions are 



^ I have not found the date of the opening of these military reserves, of 

 which there were several along the St. Croix. Apparently the timber reserves 

 were not thrown open for settlement until 1825. In 1790 certain restrictions on 

 the granting of lands were made by the British Government, apparently in 

 " additional instructions" to Governor Carleton, but these were soon after re- 

 moved. It is to be remembered that the control of the Crown Lands was not 

 transfcircd to tl^' Province until 1837. 



