[ganong] origins of SETTLEMENTS IN NEW BRUNSWICK 61 



doubt some of the settlements in the coves and creeks cast of St. John. 

 The expansion settlements on the rivers above the old settlements were, 

 however, of most importance, constituting some of the most important 

 in the province. Some small advance seems to have taken place up the 

 St. Croix, Digdeguash and Magaguadavic, but it reached its greatest 

 importance on the branches of the St. John. Of this character are tlie 

 settlements on the upper Nerepis in Fetersville, upper Hammond river, 

 originating the parish of Upham; the north side of Loch Lomond, those 

 on Studholm's Millstream, including Millstream, Berwick, Mount Mid- 

 dleton, Head of MiUslream and Snider Mountain; those on Trout 

 Creek with. Waterford and Dutch Valley; those on Smith's Creek with 

 Newton; on Salmon (Kennebecasis) river to the portage; along Belleisle 

 Creek to its head with upland branches to Bull Moose Hill and Case 

 Settlement, and beyond to Collina and Kierstead Mountain; on the 

 Washdemoak, including Long's Creek and the settlements above the 

 rapids towards New Canaan; on the Lower Salmon river and New- 

 castle Creek to the mines; on the Oromocto, for sieveral miles on both 

 branches, originating the settlements of Blissville and Gladstone. 



Most important of all, however, of the Loyalist expansion settle- 

 ments were those formed along the upper St. John in the present 

 Carleton County from Woodstock to Presquile and somewhat above. 

 As early as 1790 a considerable movement began from the Loyalist 

 and New England settlements of the lower St. John to the part of 

 that river above AYoodstock, and this steadily increased until, in 1810, 

 it had established a line of settlement all along the St. John to the 

 present Wakefield, Brighton, Simonds and Peel, with r-cattercd settle- 

 ments beyond in Wicklow and Kent, and had even, at Jacksontotvn, 

 commenced to settle the back lands. In the next period this same 

 movement continued until it had peopled all the uplands of Carleton, 

 especially west of the river, with a nearly pure native population, 

 descendants of New Englanders and Loyalists. Similarly the Loyal- 

 ist readjustment settlement of the lower Miramichi, in combination 

 with the earlier Scotch settlers there and with the new immigrants, 

 expanded somewhat up the different branches of that river, reaching 

 the Sevogle and even to Portage river on the northwest; while, in com- 

 hination with some later immigrants, an expansion of the 43nd set- 

 tlement on the Nashwaak, settling in Ludlow, extended \\\) the Main 

 Southwest to the Taxis, and as well up the lower courses of some of 

 the principal branches, notably the Barnaby. Similarl)^ the combined 

 Loyalist and Scotch, in this case especially the latter, expanded along 

 the north side of Miramichi Bav to Burnt Church, Tdbusintac, and 



