[ganong] origins of SETTLEMENTS IN NEW lilirXSWJCK 63 



i. Location of the Indians on reserves. Prior to the opening of 

 this period in 1783 the Indians of the Province wandered and camped 

 where they chose without interference from the whites, and also without 

 any formal recognition from the whites of their rights to the soil. The 

 rapid expansion of settlement in this period, however, &oon hrought 

 white settlers upon the favourite camping and iishing grounds of the 

 Indians, of which the latter vigorously made complaint. xïccordingly, 

 at least as early as 1783 (and indeed earlier, for in 1765 the Nov<a 

 Scotia government had re.-erved 500 acres for them at Aucpac), the 

 government reserved for their use large tracts of land covering their 

 favourite camping and fishing grounds. Thus originated the sysitem 

 of Indian reserves which has been continued to the present and which 

 now includes the Maliseet and Passamaquoddy reserves of St. Croix 

 (on Chepedneck Lake) and Canoose in Charlotte; the St. Basil (Mada- 

 waska), Tohique, Woodstock, Indian Village (Kingsclear), St. Mary's, 

 Oroniucto, Brothers (islands in Simonds) reserves on the St. John; 

 and the Micmac reserves of Fort Fallu on the Petitcodiac; Shediac, 

 Buclouche, Indian Island (Riciiibucto), Richihudo, in Kent; the 

 Renous, Big Hole, Indian Point (opposite Eed Bank)', Red Bank, and 

 the part of it north of the Little Southwest, Eel Ground and Burnt 

 Church on the Miramichi; Tabusintac and Pokemouche, on those rivers; 

 Pabineau and Indian Island on Nepisiguit ; and Eel River, near Dal- 

 housie. Several thus established have become extinct either through 

 wuthdrawal or early sale to the whites, including Aucpac, St. Annes and 

 Meductic on the St. John, Scoodic (]\lilltown) on the St. Croix, and 

 Aboushagan River in Westmorland. These reserves are of the most 

 diverse sizes and dates of formation,^ and many of them have been 

 greatly reduced in size, partly by their opening to settlement (Buc- 

 touche and Eichibucto in particular), partly by the sale of large parts 

 of them to provide a fund for the benefit of the Indians. In 1867 

 they were all transferred to the Dominion Government at Confedera- 

 tion, and some of those in the above list, St. Croix, Oromocto, Indian 

 Island (Xepisiguit) have been established since that time. In some cases 

 (St. Croix, Canoose, Eenous, Big Hole, Shediac, Talnisintac, Poke- 

 mouche) they are not now occupied by Indians, who prefer to settle in 

 villages nearer the towns where they can secure some employment, or 



* AH the particulars I have been able to gather as to the dates of formation, 

 size, etc.. of these reserves are contained under their respective names in the Dic- 

 tionary of Settlements later given. In many cases no record of dates of formation 

 appear to exist outside of the Council Records, in which it is a matter of extreme 

 difficulty to find them. Much information of value about them occurs in a Report 

 by Terley, of 1844, cited in the Bibliography. 



Sec. II., 1904. 5. 



