66 KOYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



sell their wooden warea In addition to their villages on these reserves, 

 the Indians occupy camping places, with the tacit permission of the 

 white owners, at varions places in the province, at Gagetown, St. 

 Andrews, Apohaqui, and elsewhere, and in the summer they tempor- 

 arily take possession of other camping places, near the resorts of sum- 

 mer visitors. The numlrers of the Indians are about stationary (1309 

 in 1001). 



In the earlier days of the province it was customary to allow the 

 Indian-s to sell their reserves. Thus, in 1794, the Indians of Aucpac 

 sold llieir reserves, set aside for them in 1765 by the Nova Scotia Gov- 

 ernment, to Colonel Isaac i\.llen, an incidental result of which was 

 that the province in 1814 had to appropriate £300 to enable thés-? 

 Indians to settle on new lands, with which money the present Kings- 

 clear reserve was purchased for them in 181G. Again, in 1800, when 

 Rev. ]\Ir. Andrews applied to the Council for the Indian lands at 

 Scoodic (jMilltown) for a glebe, he was recommended to purchase from 

 the Indians. Another case is that of Simon Hébert, who, in 1821 

 ])urchased from the Maliseets at Madawaska the tract of land just below 

 the mouth of that river of which he later, in 18-24, obtained a grant. 

 As late as 1841 the chief of the Micmacs at Red Bank sold and leased, 

 apparently legally, large tracts from that reserve. But for many years 

 past the Indians have not been allowed to sell their own lands. 



j. Relations ivith earlier and neiglibouring jjeoples. The rela- 

 tions of the Loyalists with the races already occupying Xew Brunswick 

 were perfectly friendly. There was, it is true, some friction with both 

 ISTew Englandersi and Acadians, chiefly due to the presence of these 

 people as squatters on lands granted to the Loyalists, and there was 

 a little trouble with tlie Indians. But these difficulties were entirely 

 local, and soon adjusited, and no effect whatever was produced upon 

 the distribution of settlements. Later the Loyalists and the earlier 

 iMiglish-speaking settlers mingled and united perfectly, and, incorporat- 

 ing witli themselves the later English-speaking immigrants, are forming 

 one homogeneous jjeople. The Acadians, however, and of course, the 

 Indians, remained, as tliey do to-day, largely distinct peoples. 



In the relations of the now settlers to neighbouring r;icos we find 

 little influence upon siettlements. The only hostile people to be feared 

 were those of the Fnited States. But no serious attempt at defence 

 against them was ever mad.e, allhougli small garrisons were established 

 in 1790 at the Forks of Oromocto, Presque Isle, and Grand Falls, and 

 some weak defences were established at the time of the war of 1»12 at 

 \Vorde7i's hallerij on the St. John, at St. John and Carleinn (tlie Mar- 



