70 ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



in their new seltlements at Scotch Riclge, Shediac, Miramichi and 



Tiestigouche. 



churches later. The expanding Acadians, however, in the saaiie period 



aii'eeted the distributio]i of ilieir seltlements. As among the New 



Englanders tlie Loyalists spread where they pleased, organizing their 



churches later. The expanding Acadians, however, in the same perioc 



showed their old tendency to seLtie in somewhat compact villages. 



C. Environmental Factors. 



a. Accessihilitij. This factor exerted an extremely important influ- 

 ence upon the distribution of the Loyalist settlements, for all the 

 Loyalists without exception were landed upon tlie Fundy waters, 

 readily accessible from New York and Castiue, while not a single 

 vessel, so far as known, passed around Nova Scotia to the North Snore, 

 Those Loyalists who ultimately settled on . the North Shore either 

 passed from the St. John to their new homes by the Indian portages, 

 or they came into the Province by way of Quebec and Gaspé. This 

 is in large part, though, of course, not solely the reason why the 

 original Loyalist settlements were exclusively on waters accessible from 

 the Bay of Fundy (compare Map No. 8), and why they reached the 

 North Shore only in small groups and at widely scattered points. On 

 the other hand, the North Shore being equally accessible from Europe, 

 and, after the development of a great timber trade with the North Shore 

 ports, even more accessible (by the timber ships) than the southern, 

 it was peopled chiefly by Scotch and English immigrants; and the fact 

 that the timber ships went to ports of Scotland and England and not 

 \o Ireland explains probably why no Irish reached the North Shore 

 in this period. The timber trade appears to have developed at Passa- 

 maquoddy earlier than upon the North Shore, and it was probably the 

 facility of passage by the timber ships that brought the Scotch settlers 

 to settle at Scotch Ridge in 1803. 



Another important phase of geographical accessibility was its 

 influence upon the distribution of the Acadian settlements, which in 

 this period were forming along the North Shore. In general those 

 formed by settlers from ]\Iinudie and by expansion from Memramcook 

 and Petitcodiac were either in the southernmost harboTirs of the 

 North Shore, or on the portages between the Bay of Fundy and the 

 North Shore. The Acadians returning from St. Pierre and ]\nquelon 

 (or perhaps from Cape Breton) settled also in general in the southern 

 parts, while those returning from Quebec settled mostly in the more 

 northern localities and brought many Canadian French with them. 



